退伍军人研究:semaglutide与罕见视神经病变风险增加一倍相关

一项针对美国2型糖尿病退伍军人的全国性研究显示,与SGLT2抑制剂相比,启动semaglutide治疗与非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变(NAION)风险增加相关,风险提高至2.33倍。尽管相对风险升高,绝对风险仍较低(0.29% vs 0.13%),提示处方与用药随访中应关注突发视力变化。

一项针对美国2型糖尿病退伍军人的全国性研究发现,在中位随访2.1年期间,与启动SGLT2抑制剂治疗相比,启动semaglutide治疗与非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变(nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,NAION)风险增加超过一倍相关。不过,绝对风险仍然较低,分别为0.29% vs 0.13%。

该研究纳入102,361名美国2型糖尿病退伍军人,其中11,478名为semaglutide起始用药者,90,883名为钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白-2(sodium-glucose cotransporter-2,SGLT2)抑制剂起始用药者。在最长7.5年的随访期间,共发生173例新发NAION事件。

在semaglutide起始用药者中,NAION发病率为每100,000人年123例;在对照患者中为每100,000人年67例。与对照患者相比,semaglutide起始用药者的风险高2.33倍(风险比[hazard ratio],2.33;95% CI,1.54-3.54;P < .001)。

采用重叠加权(overlap weighted)方法计算的NAION发生率显示,semaglutide起始用药者的发生率为0.29%,对照患者为0.13%,差异为0.16个百分点。总体而言,基线特征平衡良好,平均年龄为60.1岁,男性占85.5%。

非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变是一种由视神经血流减少引起的罕见疾病,可导致突然且有时为永久性的视力丧失。semaglutide是一种胰高糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)受体激动剂,已成为2型糖尿病与体重管理的核心治疗之一,数以百万计的患者从更好的血糖控制和心血管结局中获益。

尽管绝对风险仍然较低,但该结果提示在开具semaglutide时需要关注一个重要的用药安全问题。临床医生应告知semaglutide使用者如出现任何突发视力变化应及时报告,并在存在既往视神经危险因素的患者中谨慎权衡治疗选择。

仍需进一步研究以确认因果关系、识别高风险人群并制定监测策略。提高处方医生与眼科医生的认知,可能有助于更早发现并改善患者结局。

研究结果于2026年2月发表在《JAMA Ophthalmology》。该研究为新近出现的证据之一:随着semaglutide在全球范围内使用增加,潜在的眼部并发症问题引发关注。对临床医生与患者而言,理解其安全性特征(包括罕见不良反应)正变得愈发重要。

Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency确认,semaglutide可导致非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变。这种情况发生于眼部神经的血流被阻断时,从而造成视力丧失。Wegovy处方现已附带关于失明风险的安全警示。

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