Effects of Buttermilk on Serum LDL Cholesterol Concentrations

Summary

Rationale and objective:

Based on the results of a pilot study, the objective of the present study is to evaluate whether buttermilk lower serum LDL cholesterol concentrations and can prevent the serum LDL cholesterol raising effects of eggs.

Study Design:

The study has a randomized placebo-controlled factorial 2x2 design. The total study duration is 14 weeks, consisting of a 2 weeks run-in period and a 12 weeks experimental period. Subjects will be stratified for age, gender and BMI over the experimental groups.

Study population:

One hundred and eight healthy male and female subjects, aged 18-70 years, with slightly elevated serum total cholesterol concentrations (5.5-8.0 mmol/l).

Intervention:

During the entire study period, volunteers are instructed to consume a diet according to the Dutch dietary guidelines (35 en% fat (10 en% saturated fat), 50-55 en% carbohydrates). During the two weeks run-in period all subjects will drink daily at lunch 100 mL skimmed milk. During the 12 weeks experimental period, a first group of subjects will continue drinking the skimmed milk (control group), while a second group will consume a low-fat buttermilk, a third group skimmed milk enriched with egg-yolk, and a fourth group egg-yolk incorporated into a low-fat buttermilk based beverage. The egg-yolk will be enriched in lutein. Whole egg consumption (others than provided by us) is not allowed during the entire study.

Main study parameters/endpoints:

Measurements will be performed during the run-in period (days 0, 11 and 14) and during the experimental period (days 56, 95 and 98). The main effects (egg-yolk and buttermilk consumption) will be calculated as the absolute differences between values obtained at the end of the experimental (average days 95 and 98) and run-in (average days 11 and 14) periods. The primary endpoint is the change in serum LDL cholesterol concentrations. Secondary endpoints are changes in serum total and HDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol, apoA-I, apoB and hsCRP concentrations.

Conditions

• Hypercholesterolemia
• Buttermilk
• Dietary Modification
• Cardiovascular Disease

Interventions

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Buttermilk without added egg-yolk

Buttermilk without added egg-yolk

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Buttermilk with added egg yolk

Buttermilk with added egg yolk

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Skimmed milk with added egg-yolk

Skimmed milk with added egg-yolk

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Skimmed milk without added egg yolk

Skimmed milk without added egg yolk

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Maastricht University Medical Center

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Jogchum Plat, Dr. · Maastricht University

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

QUADRUPLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Max Age

70 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2010-10-31

Primary Completion

2012-05-01

Completion

2012-12-01

Countries

• Netherlands

Study Locations