Effects of Consuming Protein Shakes, Varying in Protein Source, on Appetite, Satiety and Energy Intake

Summary

Background: Consistent data from acute, single preload studies demonstrate improvements in perceived appetite and satiety following the consumption of high-protein preloads compared to normal protein preloads. However, it is currently unclear as to whether protein quality (i.e., protein source) or the use of appetite questionnaires influences these outcomes. Objective: To examine whether the consumption of protein preloads (egg white isolate, whey isolate, micellar casein, and instant egg white) differentially modulate postprandial hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption, eating initiation, and subsequent food intake; and if the use of appetite questionnaires to assess perceived appetite and satiety affect subsequent energy intake. Methods: Twelve young adults (age: 22±1 y; BMI: 22.1±0.9 kg/m2) reported to the research facility between 7 - 9 am to complete each 4-h testing day. A set of questionnaires assessing perceived hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption were completed followed by the consumption of the 130 kcal beverage preloads, varying in protein source. A water preload was also included as a control. The same set of questionnaires along with the assessment of whether they would like to eat again were completed every 30 min throughout the 4-h postprandial period. On a separate day, all twelve young adults also completed a similar testing day except were not given questionnaires throughout the 4-h postprandial period. After the 4-h, the participants were given an ad libitum pasta meal to consume until 'comfortably full.' Results: The consumption of the protein preloads improved hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption and delayed the request to eat again vs. the control (water); however, no differences in appetite and satiety outcomes were observed between protein sources. No differences in energy content at the lunch meal were observed between any preloads. The use of questionnaires did not change energy consumed at the lunch meal. Conclusions: When comparing high-quality animal-based proteins consumed as a beverage preload, relatively no differences in markers of appetite control and satiety were detected, suggesting that protein quality has little impact on these outcomes when consuming 30g of protein. In addition, the use of questionnaires assessing perceived appetite and satiety do not impact subsequent energy intake.

Conditions

• Obesity

Interventions

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Water Preload Drink

Participants were given 275 ml (0 kcal) water to consume in the morning following an overnight fast. This served as the control drink.

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Whey Protein Isolate Drink

Participants were given an isovolumetric (to the water), 160 kcal drink with 30 g whey protein to consume in the morning following an overnight fast.

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Micellar Casein Protein Drink

Participants were given an isovolumetric (to the water), 160 kcal drink with 30 g micellar casein to consume in the morning following an overnight fast.

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Egg White Isolate Protein Drink

Participants were given an isovolumetric (to the water), 160 kcal drink with 30 g egg white isolate protein to consume in the morning following an overnight fast.

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Egg White Concentrate Protein Drink

Participants were given an isovolumetric (to the water), 160 kcal drink with 30 g egg white concentrate protein to consume in the morning following an overnight fast.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Purdue University

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

NA

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

NONE

Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Max Age

35 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2016-06-30

Primary Completion

2016-08-31

Completion

2016-08-31