Advanced Protein-based Program for Effective Treatment of Appetite Regulation and Obesity

Summary

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a global epidemic, with over 2.5 billion adults being classified as overweight and 890 million of these classified as obese. Overweight and obesity are the 5th cause of mortality globally, with an estimated 2.8 million related deaths among adults. The rising prevalence of obesity in adults is leading to a rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, with an estimated 462 million individuals affected globally. At present, the most effective non-surgical obesity treatments offered by the National Health Service (NHS) are the subcutaneously administered GLP-1 receptor agonists. However, they may present potentially serious side effects following short-term use, and there are still uncertainties around long-term use side effects. Therefore, a dietary approach to weight loss or maintenance seems preferable.

Increasing protein intake is a commonly applied nutritional approach to appetite regulation. The increase in protein intake is often achieved by supplementation, using proteins isolated from dairy, such as whey and casein. However, with more individuals following plant-based diets over recent years, the interest in plant-based protein supplements has increased. While dairy-based proteins are well-characterised, the appetite regulatory characteristics of plant-based proteins have not yet been fully elucidated.

The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of protein-enriched food items on appetite regulation compared to a standard carbohydrate-rich meal. Furthermore, this study will investigate whether there are any differences in appetite-related hormonal responses to a plant protein-containing meal replacement shake (containing rice and pea protein) or a potato protein-enriched standard carbohydrate-based meal compared to a whey protein-enriched standard carbohydrate-based meal.

Conditions

• Appetite and General Nutritional Disorders

Interventions

OTHER

Oat porridge

Oat flakes, 81g (equivalent to 9 g of protein), were presented to participants in the form of porridge, prepared with 500 mL coconut milk (equivalent to 0.5 g of protein) and 10 g of zero calorie sugar free syrup. The total energy content was equivalent to 400 Kcal. Participants were instructed to consume the entire meal presented to them in 15 minutes on an empty stomach when attending the study.

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Whey protein isolate

Whey protein isolate, 38g (equivalent to 34.2 g of protein), was presented to participants in the form of a porridge. Other ingredients in the whey protein enriched porridge: * Oat flakes 54 g (equivalent to 6 g of protein) * Coconut milk 300 mL (equivalent to 0.3 g of protein) * Water 150 mL * Zero calorie sugar free syrup 10 g The total energy content was equivalent to 401.74 Kcal. Participants were instructed to consume the entire meal presented to them in 15 minutes on an empty stomach when attending the study

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Potato protein isolate

Potato protein isolate, 38g (equivalent to 34.39 g of protein), was presented to participants in the form of a porridge. Other ingredients in the potato protein enriched porridge: * Oat flakes 54 g (equivalent to 6 g of protein) * Coconut milk 300 mL (equivalent to 0.3 g of protein) * Water 150 mL * Zero calorie sugar free syrup 10 g The total energy content equiv. 401.36 Kcal. Participants were instructed to consume the entire meal presented to them in 15 minutes on an empty stomach when attending the study.

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Meal replacement shake

A meal replacement, 90 g (equivalent to 40 g of total protein), was presented to participants in the form of a shake. Other ingredients in the meal replacement shake: \- Water 500 mL The total energy was equivalent to 400 Kcal Participants were instructed to consume the entire meal replacement shake presented to them in 15 minutes on an empty stomach when attending the study.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Westminster

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala, PhD · University of Westminster

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Masking

SINGLE

Model

CROSSOVER

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Max Age

50 Years

Sex

MALE

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2023-06-09

Primary Completion

2024-10-31

Completion

2024-10-31

Countries

• United Kingdom

Study Locations