The Effects of Protein Source on Appetite Control, Satiety, and Subsequent Food Intake

Summary

The investigators propose a randomized, tightly-controlled breakfast trial in normal to overweight adults that will test whether the consumption of various types of protein-rich meals, containing \~24g of protein, will differentially alter food intake and meal initiation through proposed appetite and satiety mechanisms.

Aim 1: To examine whether the consumption of protein-rich meals that vary in protein quality (source) effect:

1. postprandial feelings of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption
2. postprandial fluctuations in key appetite and satiety hormones
3. eating initiation (i.e., motivation to eat (again))
4. food cravings

Aim 2: To examine whether the consumption of protein-rich meals that vary in protein quality (source) effect:

1. energy intake and food choice within the breakfast meal
2. energy intake and food choice at the next eating occasion
3. energy intake and food choice across the entire day

Conditions

• Appetitive Behavior

Interventions

OTHER

Micellar Casein (#1)

The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from micellar casein. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.

OTHER

Micellar Casein (#2)

The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from micellar casein. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.

OTHER

Calcium Caseinate

The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from calcium casein. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.

OTHER

Sodium Caseinate

The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from sodium caseinate. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.

OTHER

Milk Protein Isolate

The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from milk protein caseinate. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.

OTHER

Pure Protein Blend

The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from pure protein blend. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.

OTHER

Whey Protein Isolate

The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from whey protein blend. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.

OTHER

Native Whey Protein Isolate

The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from Native Whey Protein Isolate. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.

OTHER

Soy Protein

The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from soy protein. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.

OTHER

Pea Protein

The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from pea protein. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.

OTHER

Native Whey: Micellar Casein (50:50) blend

The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain protein sourced predominantly from native whey: micellar casein (50:50) blend. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.

OTHER

Carbohydrate Control

The study participants will be provided with breakfast meals to consume. The energy content of the breakfast meals will be standardized to \~250 kcal. The meals will include the same fat content but will contain predominantly carbohydrates as a control. All ingredients are GRAS listed and approved.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Purdue University

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Heather J Leidy, PhD · Purdue University

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

DOUBLE

Model

CROSSOVER

Eligibility

Min Age

20 Years

Max Age

40 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2017-03-21

Primary Completion

2018-07-27

Completion

2018-07-27

Countries

• United States

Study Locations