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Effect of Smoking on Macrophage Polarization in Periodontitis

NCT07323277 · Status: COMPLETED · Type: OBSERVATIONAL · Enrollment: 80

Last updated 2026-01-07

No results posted yet for this study

Summary

This observational case-control study investigates the effect of smoking on macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Adult participants who were either systemically healthy smokers or non-smokers, and who met the clinical criteria for periodontal health or periodontitis, were included. Gingival tissue samples were collected during periodontal procedures performed after completion of Phase I periodontal therapy, and the expression levels of macrophage polarization markers (iNOS and Arginase-1) were analyzed using ELISA. In addition, comprehensive clinical periodontal measurements-including probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, Plaque Index, and Gingival Index-were recorded to evaluate the relationship between smoking status, inflammatory burden, and macrophage phenotype. The study aims to clarify how smoking modulates the balance between M1 and M2 macrophage responses in periodontal tissues.

Conditions

  • Periodontitis

Interventions

OTHER

Smoking Exposure

Exposure to cigarette smoking, defined as smoking ≥10 cigarettes per day. Participants were classified as smokers or non-smokers based on self-reported smoking status.

Sponsors & Collaborators

  • Suleyman Demirel University

    lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

  • Zuhal YETKİN AY, Prof. Dr. · Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology

Eligibility

Min Age
18 Years
Max Age
65 Years
Sex
ALL
Healthy Volunteers
No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start
2024-12-01
Primary Completion
2025-07-15
Completion
2025-11-04

Countries

  • Turkey (Türkiye)

Study Locations

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Read the full study record

This page highlights key information. For complete eligibility criteria, study locations, investigator contacts, and the full protocol, visit the original record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

View NCT07323277 on ClinicalTrials.gov