RCT to Describe the Effects of Colon Delivered Acetate, Propionate and Butyrate on Satiety and Glucose Homeostasis

Summary

Obesity, with its associated co-morbidities, is a major public health challenge. It is estimated that by 2050, 60% of men and 50% of women will be clinically obese. Obesity is associated with increased risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. The increasing epidemic of obesity has necessitated the study of the complex mechanisms underlying energy homeostasis. Food intake, energy balance and body weight are tightly regulated by the hypothalamus, brainstem and reward circuits, on the basis both of cognitive inputs and of diverse humoral and neuronal signals of nutritional status. Several gut hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY3-36 (PYY), have been shown to play an important role in regulating short-term food intake. Peripheral administration of PYY or GLP-1 enhances satiety and reduces food intake in animals and man. PYY, GLP-1 along with a host of other hormones are produced by the gut in response to nutrient availability in different regions of the gut and provide an exquisite mechanism of nutrient sensing in response to dietary intake. These hormones therefore represent potential targets in the development of novel anti-obesity treatments. A novel and attractive strategy to induce appetite regulation is the enrichment of foods with components that stimulate the release of GLP-1 and PYY. The short chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by microbial fermentation of dietary fibre in the colon have been shown to stimulate the release of PYY and GLP-1 from rodent enteroendocrine L cells, via stimulation of the G-protein coupled free fatty acid receptors (FFAR) on colonic L cells. However, it is not known whether the three SCFA, acetate, butyrate and propionate, differentially affect appetite and glucose control. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of increased colonic delivery of acetate, butyrate and propionate on appetite and glucose control in overweight men in a randomised crossover study.

Conditions

• Obesity
• Overweight

Interventions

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Inulin acetate ester

Inulin acetate ester supplementation (10g/d) for 30 days. Appetite measurements on day 15 and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on day 30.

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Inulin propionate ester

Inulin propionate ester supplementation (10g/d) for 30 days. Appetite measurements on day 15 and OGTT on day 30.

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Inulin butyrate ester

Inulin butyrate ester supplementation (10g/d) for 30 days. Appetite measurements on day 15 and OGTT on day 30.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• NHS Greater Clyde and Glasgow

  collaborator OTHER

• University of Glasgow

  collaborator OTHER

• Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Douglas Morrison, PhD · Scottish Universitites Environmental Research Centre

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

TRIPLE

Model

CROSSOVER

Eligibility

Min Age

21 Years

Max Age

65 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2015-01-31

Primary Completion

2016-04-30

Completion

2016-04-30

Countries

• United Kingdom

Study Locations