Beef in an Optimal Lean Diet (BOLD) Effects on Metabolic Syndrome

Summary

The proposed research will provide important information about the role of 2 intervention diets that provide different amounts of lean beef and meet current nutrient recommendations for the treatment of Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn), a chronic disease that is still increasing in prevalence at alarming rates. The experimental and diet designs will enable us to evaluate lifestyle interventions for MetSyn for persons who maintain weight, lose weight and maintain their weight loss, as is currently recommended in clinical practice. Importantly, the investigators will compare a diet high in lean beef (5 oz/day) which is compositionally similar (i.e., energy and nutrients) to the modified-DASH diet, a low beef diet which has become the Gold Standard for the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including MetSyn. In addition, the investigators also will evaluate a moderate-high protein diet (BOLD+) that is higher in total protein (from mixed sources including lean beef, 7oz/day) than the BOLD diet, on CVD risk factors in persons with MetSyn. A follow-up study was conducted to assess dietary compliance in a sub-sample of the population at 12-months; participants were not informed of this end-point and additional consent was obtained.

Hypotheses:

1. Healthful isocaloric diets that include lean beef as the primary source of protein (BOLD diet) with average (18%; BOLD) or moderate-high (28%; BOLD+) total protein intake will show similar or greater reductions in CVD risk, respectively when compared to a modified-DASH diet.
2. A healthful weight-loss diet, including lean beef as the primary source of protein in a high-moderate protein diet (BOLD+ diet), plus regular exercise (BOLD+ + ex) will reduce body weight equal to that of a BOLD + ex and DASH + ex intervention, but may improve CV risk factors (such as BP and TG), and therefore reduce the prevalence of MetSyn more than a BOLD + ex and DASH + ex intervention.
3. The BOLD diet will be more effective than the modified-DASH diet, and the BOLD+ diet more effective than the BOLD diet in maintaining the CVD benefits attained during phases 1 and 2. Dietary adherence will be better on the BOLD and BOLD + diets compared with the modified DASH diet.

Conditions

• Metabolic Syndrome
• Cardiovascular Disease

Interventions

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

BOLD Diet

Low-fat, high fruit and vegetable diet that includes lean beef (5oz/day)

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

BOLD-X Diet

Low-fat, moderate-high protein diet (BOLD+) that is higher in total protein (from mixed sources including lean beef, 7oz/day) than the BOLD diet. Also high in fruits and vegetables

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Modified DASH Diet

Low-fat, high fruit and vegetable diet which has become the Gold Standard for the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and metabolic syndrome

Sponsors & Collaborators

• National Cattlemen's Beef Association

  collaborator INDUSTRY

• Penn State University

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Penny M Kris-Etherton, PhD · Penn State University

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

30 Years

Max Age

60 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2009-02-28

Primary Completion

2011-08-31

Completion

2012-03-31

Countries

• United States

Study Locations