Evaluation of the Effect of a PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-Based "Laughter Yoga-Supported Education Program" on Peer Bullying

Summary

Adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by rapid cognitive, emotional, and social changes that shape personality and psychosocial functioning. During this stage, peer relationships play a central role in adolescents' mental well-being, academic performance, and social adjustment. However, unhealthy peer interactions and exposure to peer bullying significantly increase the risk of adverse physical, psychological, and social outcomes, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, academic difficulties, and risky health behaviors, making bullying a major public health concern.

Recent evidence indicates a rising prevalence of peer bullying, particularly among middle school students, highlighting the need for effective school-based interventions. Previous programs have demonstrated reductions in bullying behaviors and improvements in school adjustment and self-confidence, yet meta-analytic findings suggest that existing educational interventions have limited effectiveness, underscoring the need for innovative and theory-driven approaches.

The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model offers a comprehensive framework for designing sustainable health promotion interventions by addressing predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors influencing behavior. In this context, a laughter yoga-supported education program grounded in this model aims to increase adolescents' awareness of peer bullying, enhance physiological, psychological, and social well-being, strengthen social interaction, and improve quality of life. To date, no studies have examined the effects of a PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based laughter yoga intervention on peer bullying. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the "Laughter Yoga-Supported Education Program," developed based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, on peer bullying among adolescents.

Objectives:

To improve adolescents' levels of awareness regarding peer bullying through the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based "Laughter Yoga-Supported Education Program," To enhance adolescents' awareness of health behaviors related to peer bullying through the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based "Laughter Yoga-Supported Education Program," To develop adolescents' social skills through PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based laughter yoga educational practices, To significantly reduce the post-test mean peer bullying scores of adolescents in the intervention group compared with their pre-test mean scores, To ensure that the findings of the study contribute to the literature and guide future research on PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based interventions.

Hypotheses:

H0-1: There is no significant difference in Peer Bullying Identification Scale scores between adolescents who receive the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based Laughter Yoga-Supported Education Program and those who do not.

H1-1: There is a significant difference in Peer Bullying Identification Scale scores between adolescents who receive the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-based Laughter Yoga-Supported Education Program and those who do not.

Conditions

• Laughter Yoga
• Peer Bullying
• Adolescents
• Health Education
• PRECEDE-PROCEED Model

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

Health education

Participants will receive face-to-face health education over 6 weeks,

BEHAVIORAL

Laughter Yoga

The intervention groups will receive a total of 6 sessions of laughter yoga, delivered by the researcher over 6 weeks, once a week, each lasting 40-45 minutes.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Ankara University

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

SINGLE

Model

SEQUENTIAL

Eligibility

Min Age

10 Years

Max Age

14 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2026-02-03

Primary Completion

2026-03-13

Completion

2026-03-30

Countries

• Turkey (Türkiye)

Study Locations