Gastric Emptying With Trou Normand

Summary

In France, alcohol is responsible for 30% of road deaths. The risk of being responsible for a fatal accident is multiplied by 17.8 for drink-drivers, and accidents involving alcohol consumption are more serious than others: the number of people killed per 100 injured in hospital is 23 for accidents involving alcohol, compared with 10 for accidents without alcohol. Alcohol is therefore responsible for an increased risk of road accidents, resulting in a high rate of alcohol-impaired victims being treated in emergency departments and operating theatres. Their management is all the more difficult in the operating theatre because these victims have a high gastric content, increasing the risk of pulmonary inhalation of gastric contents during the general anaesthesia required to treat trauma. Inhalation is one of the main causes of anaesthesia-related mortality.

ccident rates are higher during the festive season. Drinking high-alcohol beverages is reputed to help the digestion of rich meals and therefore improve digestive tolerance (abdominal symptoms: heaviness, bloating) and appetite during festive meals. The 'trou normand' consists of drinking calvados (alcohol: 40°) + 1 scoop of sorbet during the meal to improve digestion. The 'trou normand' is very popular on social networks and on restaurant menus, particularly during festive occasions such as weddings and Christmas meals. This belief may encourage the consumption of strong alcohol during festive meals, which is added to the usual alcohol consumption during this type of meal (wine), significantly increasing blood alcohol levels since 2.5 cl of an alcoholic beverage at 40° will have the same effect as 10 cl of wine at 10-12°. However, the alleged benefit of alcohol consumption on gastric emptying has never been demonstrated. On the contrary, some data in the literature suggest that alcohol consumption is associated with a slowing of gastric emptying.

The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate specifically the effect of strong alcohol consumption on gastric emptying of the liquid and solid components of a festive meal, as well as the effect on abdominal symptoms and appetite.

After verification of eligibility criteria and gastric content by an initial ultrasound examination and an alcohol test, the volunteers will be asked to consume a standardised meal of 1850 Kcal accompanied by a 12 cl glass of white wine (12°) at the start of the meal, a 12 cl glass of red wine with the main course (12°) and 2 glasses of water (20 cl) over 90 minutes. According to the randomisation, the volunteer will be invited, before the cheese and dessert, at the 70th minute, to drink 2.5 cl of water + 1 scoop of sorbet or 2.5 cl of Calvados 40° + 1 scoop of sorbet before the cheese and dessert, which will then be consumed within 20 minutes.

Immediately before ingesting the test drink, an ultrasound examination of the antrum will be carried out to measure the antral cross-sectional area. An antral ultrasound will be carried out 15, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after the end of the meal, blind to the drink ingested, and a breathalyser test will be carried out at times 15, 90, 180 min and possibly 300 min after the end of the meal if the exhaled alcohol level measured at 180 min was greater than 0.25 mg/l of exhaled air. Volunteers will also be asked to indicate their abdominal discomfort and appetite on a seven-choice Likert scale before starting to eat the meal, then at the end of the standardised meal, then 1 h 30 and 3 h after the end of the meal.

Conditions

• Healthy Volunteer

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

Standardised test meal

Ingestion of a 1850 Kcal standardised 'Christmas meal' identical for each session. It will consist of the following elements Assortment of Picard Mini-Puff Pastry Aperitifs: 70g = 210 Kcal 1 glass of white wine = 85 Kcal with the aperitif 1 slice of vacuum-packed foie gras = 50 g = 230 Kcal 1 portion of turkey leg 200 g = 250 Kcal 50 g turkey cream = 130 Kcal 1 portion of steamed potatoes = 200 g = 160 Kcal 1 glass of red wine = 85 Kcal to accompany the main course 1 slice of white bread (30 g) = 55 Kcal to eat with the main course Blind test or control drink (trou normand or placebo = water) / 1 scoop of apple sorbet 1 portion 30 g camembert = 90 Kcal + White bread 1 slice (30 g) = 85 Kcal with the cheese 1 portion crumble 100 g = 250 Kcal The different elements will be weighed for each participant.

BEHAVIORAL

Ingestion of test drink

Ingestion of 2,5 cl Calvados 40° at the 70th min of the meal (before cheese and dessert)

BEHAVIORAL

Ingestion of Control drink

Ingestion of 2,5 cl water at the 70th min of the meal (before cheese and dessert)

DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Ultrasound measurement of the antral area

Ultrasound measurement of the antral area in the volunteers lying in the 45° semi-recumbent position using an ultrasound machine (Venue Go™, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) fitted with an abdominal transducer (probe C1-5, 1.5 to 5 MHz) to obtain a sagittal cross-section of the antrum in a plane including the left lobe of the liver and the aorta. This will be performed during the intake visit, immediately before the test drink ingestion (70th min of the meal) and 15, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 min after the end of the meal

DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Breathalyser for measurement of the level of exhaled ethanol

Breathalyser performed during the intake visit, and 15, 90, 180 and 300 min (if the exhaled alcohol level measured at 180 minutes was greater than 0.25 mg/l of breath) after the end of the meal.

BEHAVIORAL

Discomfort

discomfort will be assessed using seven-choice Likert scales immediately before the test drink ingestion and 90 min and 180 min after the end of the standardized meal.

BEHAVIORAL

Appetite

Appetite will be assessed using seven-choice Likert scales immediately before the test drink ingestion and 90 min and 180 min after the end of the standardized meal.

DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Pregnancy urine test carried out during the intake visit on the day of the protocol

Pregnancy urine test carried out during the intake visit on the day of the protocol for exclusion of pregnant woman.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Hospices Civils de Lyon

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Masking

SINGLE

Model

CROSSOVER

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Max Age

65 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2025-12-19

Primary Completion

2026-03-11

Completion

2026-03-11

Countries

• France

Study Locations