Effects of Resistance Training Programes At Different Intensities on Musculoskeletal, Metabolic, Lipid, Immunological, Inflammatory, Well-being and Functional Parameters in Older Adults.

Summary

The aging of the global population is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a major issue due to the disabilities and comorbidities related to this process, with women being the gender most affected. Due to the physiological and psychological age associated declines, physical activity and exercise are proven strategies for reducing the impact of aging. However, it is still unknown what kind of training program could be the most effective in reversing deleterious age-related changes in older adults. Regarding this, the type of training intensity and exercise modality are two key training parameters in exercise programming, and, therefore, different adaptations could be induced in older adults through the modification of these parameters. Furthermore, the type of training device is a significant factor and can act as a barrier or facilitator in older adults\' participation in physical activities and exercise programs. Therefore, the research project primary goals are to compare the effects of resistance training programes performed at different intensities and materials during 32 weeks on a variety of physiological parameters in older adults.

Conditions

• Aging

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

Elastic band-based resistance training program at high intensity (HI)

The training session will consist of 5-10 minutes of general warm-up (joint- mobility and aerobic exercises at low intensity); 35-40 minutes of the main part, which comprised six resistance exercises, three for upper limbs (upright rowing, incline rowing, and elbow curl) and three for lower limbs (narrow stance squat, lunge, and standing hip abduction) along with coordination exercises during the active rests; and 5-10 minutes of the cool-down routine (respiratory and flexibility exercises). The participants will perform 6 submaximal repetitions using elastic bands equivalent to 85% of the one-repetition maximum per exercise (high load/intensity training sessions). The perceived exertion level on the OMNI-RES scale progressed from 6-7 to 8-9 . The number of sets per exercise progressed from 3 to 4. The speed of execution of the exercises was controlled using a metronome marking the cadence (2s of concentric and eccentric phase).

BEHAVIORAL

Elastic band-based resistance training program at moderate-high intensity (MHI-bands)

The training session will consist of 5-10 minutes of general warm-up (joint- mobility and aerobic exercises at low intensity); 35-40 minutes of the main part, which comprised six resistance exercises, three for upper limbs (upright rowing, incline rowing, and elbow curl) and three for lower limbs (narrow stance squat, lunge, and standing hip abduction) along with coordination exercises during the active rests; and 5-10 minutes of the cool-down routine (respiratory and flexibility exercises). The participants will perform 6 submaximal repetitions using elastic bands equivalent to 75-80% of the one-repetition maximum per exercise (high to moderate load/intensity training sessions). The perceived exertion level on the OMNI-RES scale progressed from 6-7 to 8-9 . The number of sets per exercise progressed from 3 to 4. The speed of execution of the exercises was controlled using a metronome marking the cadence (2s of concentric and eccentric phase).

BEHAVIORAL

Elastic band-based resistance training program at moderate intensity (MI)

The training session will consist of 5-10 minutes of general warm-up (joint- mobility and aerobic exercises at low intensity); 35-40 minutes of the main part, which comprised six resistance exercises, three for upper limbs (upright rowing, incline rowing, and elbow curl) and three for lower limbs (narrow stance squat, lunge, and standing hip abduction) along with coordination exercises during the active rests; and 5-10 minutes of the cool-down routine (respiratory and flexibility exercises). The participants will perform 6 submaximal repetitions using elastic bands equivalent to 65-70% of the one-repetition maximum per exercise (moderate load/intensity training sessions). The perceived exertion level on the OMNI-RES scale progressed from 6-7 to 8-9. The number of sets per exercise progressed from 3 to 4. The speed of execution of the exercises was controlled using a metronome marking the cadence (2s of concentric and eccentric phase).

BEHAVIORAL

Elastic tubes-based resistance training program at moderate-high intensity (MHI-tubes)

The training session will consist of 5-10 minutes of general warm-up (joint- mobility and aerobic exercises at low intensity); 35-40 minutes of the main part, which comprised six resistance exercises, three for upper limbs (upright rowing, incline rowing, and elbow curl) and three for lower limbs (narrow stance squat, lunge, and standing hip abduction) along with coordination exercises during the active rests; and 5-10 minutes of the cool-down routine (respiratory and flexibility exercises). The participants will perform 6 submaximal repetitions using elastic tubes equivalent to 75-80% of the one-repetition maximum per exercise (high to moderate load/intensity training sessions). The perceived exertion level on the OMNI-RES scale progressed from 6-7 to 8-9 . The number of sets per exercise progressed from 3 to 4. The speed of execution of the exercises was controlled using a metronome marking the cadence (2s of concentric and eccentric phase)

BEHAVIORAL

Water-based resistance training program at moderate intensity (WMI)

The training session will consist of 5-10 minutes of general warm-up (joint- mobility and aerobic exercises at low intensity); 35-40 minutes of the main part, which comprised six resistance exercises, three for upper limbs (upright rowing, incline rowing, and elbow curl) and three for lower limbs (narrow stance leg extension and flexion, hip flexion and extension, and standing hip abduction) along with coordination exercises during the active rests; and 5-10 minutes of the cool-down routine (respiratory and flexibility exercises). The participants will perform in the poll the concentric and eccentric movements of each exercise at maximal velocity during 40 seconds (equivalent to working around 10 repetitions /75% 1RM each exercise). The perceived exertion level on the OMNI-RES scale progressed from 6-7 to 8-9. The number of sets per exercise progressed from 3 to 4.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Oxidative Pathology Unit of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia.

  collaborator UNKNOWN

• University of Valencia

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

DOUBLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

60 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2014-05-31

Primary Completion

2015-07-31

Completion

2015-07-31

Countries

• Spain

Study Locations