Effects of Energy and Physical Density Manipulation on Appetite

Summary

As individuals tend to eat a constant weight or volume of food, manipulating physical and energy densities generally results in changes in energy intake without affecting subjective appetite sensations. However, relatively few studies have directly studied the interaction between physical and energy density manipulation. This study will determine the effects of foods that systematically vary in physical and energy density on ad libitum energy intake and subjective appetite ratings. Secondary outcomes will include gastrointestinal discomfort, fatigue and acceptability.

Conditions

• Appetite
• Eating Behavior

Interventions

OTHER

LPD+LED

Low physical density (LPD) + low energy density (LED) foods. Participants receive breakfast, lunch and snack items engineered to have LPD and LED.

OTHER

HPD+LED

High physical density (HPD) + low energy density (LED) foods. Participants receive breakfast, lunch and snack items engineered to have HPD and LED.

OTHER

LPD+HED

Low physical density (LPD) + high energy density (HED) foods. Participants receive breakfast, lunch and snack items engineered to have LPD and HED.

OTHER

HPD+HED

High physical density (HPD) + high energy density (HED) foods. Participants receive breakfast, lunch and snack items engineered to have HPD and HED.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• US Army Research and Development Command- Soldier Center

  collaborator UNKNOWN

• United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine

  lead FED

Principal Investigators

• J. Philip Karl · US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

OTHER

Masking

SINGLE

Model

CROSSOVER

Eligibility

Min Age

17 Years

Max Age

39 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2022-07-05

Primary Completion

2023-05-04

Completion

2023-05-04

Countries

• United States

Study Locations