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Hydroponic vs Conventional Spinach Smoothies: Effects on Salivary Nitrate Bioavailability and Blood Pressure

NCT07665944 · Status: RECRUITING · Phase: NA · Type: INTERVENTIONAL · Enrollment: 12

Last updated 2026-06-24

No results posted yet for this study

Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether hydroponic spinach (HS) versus conventional spinach (CS) smoothies produce differential post-consumption effects on salivary nitrate availability and blood pressure in adults.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

Do hydroponic spinach (HS) and conventional spinach (CS) smoothies produce differential post-consumption salivary nitrate availability responses in adults when consumed in equal volumes? Do hydroponic spinach (HS) and conventional spinach (CS) smoothies produce differential post-consumption blood pressure responses in adults when consumed in equal volumes?

Participants will:

Consume hydroponic spinach (HS) and conventional spinach (CS) smoothies on two separate study days.

Attend two laboratory visits at the university, scheduled within a 1-2 week period.

Undergo check-ups and study measurements during each visit (e.g., blood pressure and saliva sampling).

Conditions

  • Adult

Interventions

OTHER

Hydroponic spinach smoothie

Standardized smoothie prepared with hydroponically grown spinach, matched for volume and appearance.

OTHER

Conventional spinach smoothie

Standardized smoothie prepared with conventionally grown spinach, matched for volume and appearance.

Sponsors & Collaborators

  • University of Plymouth

    lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Model
CROSSOVER

Eligibility

Min Age
18 Years
Max Age
60 Years
Sex
ALL
Healthy Volunteers
Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start
2026-05-22
Primary Completion
2026-06-19
Completion
2026-07-31

Countries

  • United Kingdom

Study Locations

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Read the full study record

This page highlights key information. For complete eligibility criteria, study locations, investigator contacts, and the full protocol, visit the original record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

View NCT07665944 on ClinicalTrials.gov