The Objective of This Study Was to Compare and Quantify the Bioavailability of Citrulline Byproducts in Blood Samples and in Urine Samples After a Single Dose of the Assigned Dietary Supplement. The Treatment Arms Containing the Following Molecules: Citrulline HCL and L-Citrulline,

Summary

Citrulline dietary supplements are of interest for improving cardiovascular and exercise performance. The health benefits of citrulline are attributable to its ability to increase arginine levels in the body through the intestinal-renal arginine conversion pathway. From a dietary supplementation standpoint, citrulline offers advantages over arginine due to its reduced first-pass metabolism and ready conversion to arginine within the body. While L-citrulline is the most widely used citrulline dietary supplement, additional salt forms such as citrulline maleate and citrulline HCl may provide improvements in the delivery of arginine to the body. The present study compared the single-dose pharmacokinetics of L-citrulline and citrulline HCl formulations in healthy human subjects. A total of 17 subjects were randomly assigned to groups receiving either 6 g of L-citrulline, 6 g of citrulline HCl or 2 g of citrulline HCl. The resulting increases in citrulline and arginine in plasma and urine samples were determined using liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM/MS). All citrulline dietary supplements examined produced time-dependent increases in plasma citrulline and arginine. Both maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma vs time curve (AUC) for citrulline were modestly reduced in the 6 g citrulline HCl treatment group, the resulting arginine Cmax and AUCs were similar for both L-citrulline and citrulline HCl at the 6 g dose. While the 2 g dose of citrulline HCl had reduced Cmax and AUC values compared to 6 g doses, the time to reach peak levels of arginine were significantly shorter. Furthermore, examination of the relative arginine bioavailability achieved with the 6 g and 2 g citrulline HCl compared to the 6 g L-citrulline was approximately 120% and 215%, respectively, consistent with an improved citrulline to arginine conversion efficiency with the citrulline HCl formulations.

Conditions

• Bioavailability and AUC

Interventions

OTHER

Removal from study. In case of adverse event, subject treated for the AE.

The participation of a subject in this study may have been discontinued for any of the following reasons: * the subject wished to withdraw from study participation; * if, in the opinion of the Investigator, it was in the best interest of the subject; * suspected adverse effects from the test article; * inter-current illness; * violation of the prohibitions and restrictions; * development of an exclusion criteria. Subjects were free to withdraw at any time and need not give a reason, however, every reasonable attempt was made to ascertain such reasons. The data for those subjects who were withdrawn was included in the final clinical report but may be excluded from final data analysis.

OTHER

removal from study

The participation of a subject in this study may have been discontinued for any of the following reasons: * the subject wished to withdraw from study participation; * if, in the opinion of the Investigator, it was in the best interest of the subject; * suspected adverse effects from the test article; * inter-current illness; * violation of the prohibitions and restrictions; * development of an exclusion criteria. Subjects were free to withdraw at any time and need not give a reason, however, every reasonable attempt was made to ascertain such reasons. The data for those subjects who were withdrawn was included in the final clinical report but may be excluded from final data analysis.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Princeton Consumer Research

  collaborator OTHER

• Vireo Systems, Inc.

  lead INDUSTRY

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Max Age

64 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2024-07-13

Primary Completion

2024-07-27

Completion

2024-07-27

Countries

• United States

Study Locations