Chronic Sleep Deprivation as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity

Summary

OBJECTIVE: Obesity and chronic sleep deprivation have both become increasingly pervasive medical problems in recent years. The prevalence of adult obesity has doubled over the past 30 years and continues to increase. In addition, industrial societies attach an economic value to maximizing the waking period to the longest tolerable limit by sleeping as little as possible. Average sleep time has decreased over the last century by 2 hours. Chronically sleeping less has been associated with increased weight, endocrine and metabolic health risks including glucose intolerance, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. The possibility that the current epidemic of obesity and metabolic health risks may be partially related to insufficient sleep is now being recognized. The objective of this proof-of-concept controlled trial is to investigate the impact of increasing sleep time in chronically sleep-deprived, obese subjects.

STUDY POPULATION: 18-50 year old, obese (BMI 30-50) men and premenopausal women, chronically sleep deprived, recruited from the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. Chronic sleep deprivation will be verified by the use of sleep logs and the use of actigraphy before entry into the study. Secondary causes of sleep deprivation such as insomnia, psychological (depression), and medical conditions associated with poor sleep quality (including obstructive sleep apnea) will be exclusionary criteria.

DESIGN: This is a randomized, 12-month duration, comparison-controlled clinical trial of an extension of sleep up to approximately 7 hours and 30 minutes (Intervention Group) or continuation of habitual short sleep schedule (Comparison Group). The proposed treatment is an educational and behavioral intervention aimed at increasing sleep in a non-pharmacological fashion. The main analysis of the study will be to determine if additional sleep will result in a significant difference in body weight at the end of 12 months between the Intervention Group and the Comparison Group. In addition, we would like to establish whether 12 months of additional sleep will result in: a) a decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome; and b) changes in the endocrine profile (i.e. inducing changes in leptin \[increase\] and ghrelin \[decrease\] opposite to the changes associated with chronic sleep deprivation). At the end of the 12-month intervention study (Phase 1, Efficacy Randomized Phase Study), all participants will be given information about the potential benefit of more sleep and encouraged to increase sleep time. Health teaching about proper nutrition and adequate exercise will also be provided at that time to the Intervention and Comparison Groups. All participants will be evaluated 6 months later to assess the effects of this intervention in a real-life situation, and offered participation in a three-year extension with semi-annual visits (Phase 2, Effectiveness 3 Year Follow-Up Phase Study), for which matched external comparison subjects will also be recruited ad hoc.

OUTCOME PARAMETERS: body weight, average number of hours of sleep/night, fasting glucose and insulin, oral glucose tolerance test, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, other relevant endocrine and anthropometric measures, body composition, various metabolic parameters, food intake, energy expenditure, and quality of life measures.

Conditions

• Obesity
• Chronic Sleep Deprivation

Interventions

PROCEDURE

Increase sleep

Sponsors & Collaborators

• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

  lead NIH

Principal Investigators

• Giovanni Cizza, M.D. · Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

Study Design

Purpose

TREATMENT

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Max Age

50 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2005-11-30

Primary Completion

2013-06-30

Completion

2013-06-30

Countries

• United States

Study Locations