Potassium, Hydration, Cardiovascular, and Kidney Study (PHACKs)

Summary

Compared with White Adults, Non-Hispanic Black Adults are at an elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and end stage chronic-kidney disease (CKD), two of the leading causes of death in the United States. Inadequate hydration status is associated with risk factors for both CVD and CKD. Prior data show that Black individuals are less likely to be adequately hydrated when compared with their White counterparts. Further, socioeconomic factors have been shown to influence hydration practices. Inadequate hydration influences certain hormones that regulate blood volume and impact blood pressure, but increasing potassium intake may provide some positive effects on normalizing these hormones and blood pressure. Black adults, in particular, are more likely to consume less potassium, have inadequate hydration, and tend to have higher blood pressure. As such, there is a critical need for effective strategies to address racial disparities in hydration and resultant health consequences; as well as establish the role of socioeconomic factors contributing to hydration. Therefore, the investigators are seeking to test the investigators' central hypothesis that water with a potassium supplement will improve hydration and cardiovascular health in young White adults (n = 20, 10 females, 10 males), and to a greater extent in young Black Adults (n = 20, 10 females, 10 males. The investigators will assess measures of blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and biomarkers in the urine and blood samples prior to and following a 14-day hydration intervention of 1) bottled water and 2) bottled water with potassium supplementation (2000mg potassium/day).

Conditions

• Blood Pressure
• Hydration
• Vascular Disease Risk

Interventions

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Water and Potassium supplementation

All Participants will be given cases of water and instructed to drink at least an extra 1L per day. Additionally, participants will be given 2000 mg of potassium via potassium chloride powder.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Indiana University

  collaborator OTHER

• Auburn University

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Austin T Robinson, Ph.D. · Indiana University

• L. Bruce Gladden, Ph.D. · Auburn University

Study Design

Allocation

NON_RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

NONE

Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Max Age

30 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2024-11-06

Primary Completion

2026-07-31

Completion

2027-07-31

Countries

• United States

Study Locations