Impact of Improved "Injera" Baking Stove Use on Childhood Acute Respiratory Infection Prevention in Northwest Ethiopia

Summary

In Ethiopia, great majorities (95%) of households rely on solid biomass fuels such as wood, muck, crop residues, and charcoal burned in highly polluting stoves to meet the basic household energy needs with its severe health consequences due to emission of toxic indoor air pollutants. Correspondingly, household air pollution (HAP) from biomass fuel use is now estimated to be responsible for nearly 3.5 million premature deaths annually, with the highest disease burdens experienced by countries in sub-Saharan Africa. HAP ranks as the highest environmental risk factors to premature deaths globally and 2nd leading risk factor next to childhood underweight in most of sub-Saharan Africa countries as well as 3rd leading risk factor of disease next to childhood underweight, and suboptimal breastfeeding in Ethiopia.

Usually prevention efforts aimed at reducing HAP and related health burdens have been focused on the use of energy efficient cookstoves. There is, however, rigorous lack of evidence in Ethiopia or in other similar settings whether it is possible to achieve adequate HAP reduction and improve health with locally made energy efficient baking stoves from a public health point of view. Particularly, the popular Ethiopian energy efficient "Injera" baking stove has not been researched through stove trial inquiry. Therefore, research studies are required in Ethiopia on health benefits achieved when households adopt energy efficient baking stoves. In view of that, cluster randomized controlled trial will be employed with experimental study design for one year to test the effectiveness of the Ethiopian improved "Injera" baking stove intervention on reducing HAP and childhood acute respiratory infection (ARI) through comparing equal size groups of children before and after part of households received an improved "Injera" baking stove.

Accordingly, the proposed stove trial aims to address an important research gap by determining whether the Ethiopian improved "Injera" baking biomass stove intervention can adequately reduce HAP exposure to prevent childhood acute respiratory infection. With this objective, the proposed stove trial will test the hypothesis that there is a statistically significant difference in HAP levels and incidence of childhood ARI when using traditional versus improved "Injera" baking stove in Northwest Ethiopia

Conditions

• Acute Respiratory Infection
• Pneumonia Childhood

Interventions

DEVICE

Improved "Injera" Baking Biomass Stove

Replacing of the Ethiopian traditional "Injera" baking biomass stove with improved baking biomass stove, the well-known commercially distributed type of baking stove in Ethiopia, will be the intervention for this study. Control HHs will continue to use the traditional baking biomass stove. Concerning intervention duration, since the life span of the Ethiopian improved baking stove is about 5 years, the length of the intervention period will be one year to account for seasonal factors that have major effect on both ARI incidence \& HAP level in Ethiopia as well as to maintain a balance between achieving a sufficiently long follow-up period for outcome measurements \& suitably short follow-up period to decrease attrition.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Bahir Dar University

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Mesafint M. Adane, MPH,BSc., · School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia

• Prof. Getu D. Alene, PhD, · Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia

• Dr. Seid T. Mereta, PhD, · Department of Environmental Health Science & Technology, School of Public Health, Jimma University

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

NONE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Max Age

48 Months

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2018-06-01

Primary Completion

2019-07-31

Completion

2019-07-31

Countries

• Ethiopia

Study Locations