PReventing EXtubation FAILure Related to Cough

Summary

After the admission in ICU, most patients have to be intubated in order to control haematosis in case of acute respiratory failure, to reduce the metabolic crisis during severe haemodynamic shock, or to protect upper airways in case of impairment of consciousness. After the initial phase of etiological treatment, as soon as the patients no more required the intubation, weanibility has to be checked (thanks to a weaning trial with or without pressure support) before the separation attempt is decided on an evaluation of the overall extubability, based in particular on a subjective assessment of cough strength. The cases of re-intubation can be related to several factors such as: i) a ventilatory insufficiency indicating an imbalance between the muscular pomp function and the mechanical constraint of the chest; ii) an acute cardiogenic oedema; iii) an obstruction of the superior airways, possibly due to an imbalance between the bronchial overload and the cough efficacy.

Preventing extubation failure should avoid exposing such patients to an over-risk of morbidity and mortality due to the consequences of a prolonged invasive ventilation. This prevention can be implemented thanks to an early detection of the patients the most at risk and then a coherent intervention to manage of each risk factor involved. For example, the inspiratory insufficiency can be fixed by the use of Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV), as proposed for patients developing a final hypercapnia at the end of the weanibility test.

Several studies have been conducted to improve the prediction of extubation failure. As this is notably influenced by the cough efficacy before extubation, it has been proposed to assess the peak flow expiratory during voluntary cough. The Cough Peak Flow could for example replaced some semi-quantitative measures of cough strength associated to a low reproducibility. The most validated threshold for a weak cough is \< 60 L/min and it has recently been demonstrated that it remained valuable when directly assessed using the built-in ventilator flow-meter.

In the meantime, new devices of mechanical cough assistance have been developed and are frequently used for patients presenting a chronic neuro-muscular disease affecting their ability to spontaneously clear their airways from an inappropriate bronchial overload. However, the interest of such devices for a systematic use after extubation has not been validated with a sufficient level of evidence to be recommended, in particular because of the bias of the single randomised monocentric study.

The main objective of the study consists in demonstrating in an open multicentre randomised study (focused on the patients with an objective low cough strength) the superiority of a systematic strategy combining mechanical cough assistance and non-invasive ventilation on standard care (manual post-extubation physiotherapy and NIV for restrictive indications) to reduce the re-intubation rate at 48h.

Conditions

• Patients Intubated in ICU Before Extubation

Interventions

DEVICE

Cough Assistance and Systematic Non-Invasive Ventilation

A standardised bundle of intervention will be tested using the combination of two medical devices previously used in daily clinical practice but without guideline and objective selection criteria, namely: 1. A mechanical cough assistance technic using the Cough Assist device (Model E70® by Philips Respironics, Carlsbad, CA, USA) before extubation then after extubation then 3 times a day (with possible additional treatment on demand) during 7 days maximum (with a possible cessation if the patient has strictly no bronchial overload during three consecutive physiotherapy sessions) 2. A systematic Non-Invasive ventilation during 24h minimum to indirectly improve the clearance of bronchial overload and to reduce the overall risk of re-intubation related a relative hypoventilation associated to the weak cough.

PROCEDURE

control group using the current gold standard of care after extubation, namely the manual drainage by a physiotherapist and the consensual use of Non-invasive ventilation

1. After extubation, the physiotherapy will be managed according to standard care and cough assistance will be only manual. The use of a dedicated cough assistance device will be allowed if the bronchial overload clearance is repeatedly insufficient according to the physiotherapist in charge. 2. Non-invasive ventilation will not be systematic and only used in case of pre-defined condition, such as: age \> 65 years-old, BMI \> 30, Chronic cardiac failure, COPD, hypercapnia at the end of the weaning trial, post-operative admissions after abdominal and thoracic surgery.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Hospices Civils de Lyon

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• GOBERT Florent, MD · Hospices Civils de Lyon

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

NONE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2020-10-20

Primary Completion

2022-03-16

Completion

2022-04-05

Countries

• France

Study Locations