Beneficial Effects of Exercise and Healthy Diets on Muscle and Adipose Tissue

Summary

Both dietary caloric restriction (CR) and physical exercise (PE) exert beneficial effects, which retard or prevent age-related diseases and prolong life span. Subjects with the metabolic syndrome age prematurely, therefore preventive measures should be initiated early. The present study intends to demonstrate that physical exercise and/or Mediterranean diet, in middle aged volunteers with the metabolic syndrome, preserve adequate adipose tissue functionality and retard skeletal muscle aging (assessed by mitochondrial biogenesis and accumulation of ROS), by activating several pathways, homologous to CR. The investigators plan to study this by using two approaches: 1) A cross- sectional model, in which the expression of the mentioned metabolic mediators, indicators of muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle oxidative damage will be compared between men with different body compositions, fat distribution, muscle strength and exercise capacity (VO2max). Also, in these men the investigators will assess the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (as a measure of adaptive thermogenesis), and inflammatory markers (Interleukin 1-6, Interleukin 1ß and CCL2 chemokine (C-C motif ligand 2)) in preperitoneal adipose tissue, plus inflammation and adipogenesis potential of their cultured preadipocytes. Moreover, in vitro studies will evaluate the functional effects of exposure of a cell lyne of human adipocyte cells (LS14)to factors secreted by media conditioned by the patients´ adipose tissue explants. 2) A prospective intervention in overweight/moderately obese middle aged volunteers that will be assigned to a weight-maintenance period (as a control group), and then randomly y assigned to a Mediterranean diet, exercise training or diet plus training. Before and after 3 months of intervention the investigators will obtain muscle tissue samples to study the expression of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1), uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1), mitochondrial DNA and oxidative damage indicators (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (oxodG), carboxymethyllysine (CML and its receptor (RAGE)). In vitro studies will evaluate the effect of circulating factors from the patients (serum) on LS14 inflammatory and adipogenic potential, at baseline and after 3 months of intervention.

Conditions

• Metabolic Syndrome

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

Control period

Analysis at recruitment and after a month without any intervention

BEHAVIORAL

Diet Group

selected subjects will adopt a Mediterranean low-AGE diet. We will not include red wine in the Mediterranean diet (7 Kilocalories (KCal)/g), in order to attain more weight loss. Each subject will be instructed to reduce 500 Kcal of their estimated total daily energy requirements, so theoretically they will be able to reduce 5 - 10 % of their body weight in 3 months.

BEHAVIORAL

Exercise group

The intervention will consist of 3 weekly 1 hour sessions (5 minutes of preconditioning, followed by 20 minutes cycling, brisk walking or jogging at 65-70 % maximal aerobic capacity, then 25 minutes resistance weight-lifting exercises and finally 10 minutes of stretching). Exercise intensity will be increased weekly according to the Borg Scale intensity. The exercise intervention will be supervised by physical education teachers, registering attendance at every session.

BEHAVIORAL

Diet + Exercise

these patients will be incorporated to receive both Mediterranean diet plus exercise interventions

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, Chile

  collaborator OTHER_GOV

• University of Chile

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Maria Pia de la Maza, Professor · University of Chile

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

NONE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

25 Years

Max Age

50 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2013-07-31

Primary Completion

2016-10-31

Completion

2016-10-31

Countries

• Chile

Study Locations