Study on Use of Xylitol-wipes to Prevent Dental Caries

Summary

Mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacillus species (LB) are the two groups of infectious cariogenic (caries-causing) bacteria most strongly associated with dental caries (dental decay). Infants acquire cariogenic bacteria from their mothers early in development via saliva. There have been several studies that have demonstrated a significant reduction in dental caries associated with consumption of the food additive known as xylitol in children and adults. Xylitol is a non-toxic 5 carbon polyol, approved as a food additive by the FDA, that tastes like and behaves like sucrose in humans. Xylitol is used as a sugar substitute to reduce dental caries as it is not fermentable by the caries causing bacteria. In addition, an observed positive beneficial side effect of this sugar substitute is that xylitol has been shown to reduce mother to child bacterial transfer when used by the mother. It is commonly recommended to wipe infants' teeth and gums with a soft cloth to reduce the formation of dental bacterial plaque. Recently wipes have been marketed that contain xylitol to provide a safe sweet sensation for the infant during this cleaning procedure. However, no study has been conducted that assesses the biological effect of applying xylitol directly to the teeth and gums of infants. This study will be conducted to test whether xylitol applied by swab directly to the infant's teeth and gums will effectively reduce bacterial transfer from mother to child. Children age up to two years old whose mothers have high cariogenic bacterial counts will be recruited to use xylitol wipes 3-4 times daily in addition to their normal preventive regimen. This will be a randomized double blinded study where the control group will receive placebo wipes (with no xylitol) and the experimental group will receive the xylitol wipes. The mother-child pair MS and LB bacterial counts and caries score of the children will be measured at baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. We will contact all patients that were recruited into the study to inquire whether they are willing to return for further follow-up visits at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years post-wipe treatment completion. If successful, this study will support the use of a simple caries preventive measure that could be easily and safely implemented in young children. Ten MS isolates and unique LB colonies will be isolated from each saliva samples to study their genetic diversities and virulence factors.

The investigators will also investigate whether specific MS genes relate to ECC prevention effect of daily xylitol-wipe application using genomic sequencing of MS isolated from current study when the active intervention was applied.

Conditions

• Dental Caries

Interventions

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

xylitol wipe

Parents were instructed to wipe their infants' teeth and gums three times per day with two wipes each time after feeding in addition to their daily tooth brushing.

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

placebo wipe

Parents were instructed to wipe their infants' teeth and gums three times per day with two wipes each time after feeding in addition to their daily tooth brushing.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of California, San Francisco

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

QUADRUPLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

6 Months

Max Age

35 Months

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2007-01-31

Primary Completion

2008-01-31

Completion

2008-01-31

Countries

• United States

Study Locations