Effect of Heated Water-Based Versus Land-Based Exercise Training on Hemodynamic Variables, Functional Capacity and Quality of Life in Older Hypertensive

Summary

BACKGROUND: Physical exercise promotion is one of the main global goals of innumerous health and medical societies for preventing and managing noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), being one of the main therapeutic for the patient with hypertension. Exercise in heated swimming pool has emerged as a potential alternative to physical exercise on the ground for the reduction of blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive patients, however, its effects on BP, as well as hemodynamic, metabolic, inflammatory and functional variables of older individuals with hypertension have not been investigated.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of heated water-based exercise (HEx) versus land-based exercise (LEx) on BP, arterial stiffness, endothelial function, metabolic, inflammatory and functional variables of older individuals with hypertension.

METHODS: 60 older individuals (male and female) with hypertension (age \> 60 years) will be randomized in 2:2:1 ratio to HEx, LEx or control (CON) intervention. The feasibility and physiological adaptations (physical capacity, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular responses to stress, biological and biochemical markers associated with the pathophysiology of the disease and vascular adaptations) will be assessed before, after 12 weeks and after 24 weeks of follow-up. HEx and LEx training programs will be performed three times per week and will be performed for the firs 12 weeks of follow-up.

Conditions

• Hypertension
• Aging
• Exercise

Interventions

OTHER

Physical Exercise Session in heated Swimming Pool - HEx

Warm Up - 5 minutes of stretching and heating of the joints and muscle groups to be worked; Aerobic exercise - 30 minutes of aerobic exercise (following the same control parameter of the experimental session); Resistance exercises - 20 minutes of resisted exercises, which will be divided into 6 exercises with 2 sets of 10 to 15 repetitions (following the same control parameter of the experimental session); Calm back - 5 minutes of stretching.

OTHER

Physical Exercise Session in Land- LEx

Warm up - 5 minutes of stretching and heating of the joints and muscle groups to be worked; Aerobic exercise - 30 minutes of aerobic exercise performed on treadmill and / or exercise bike (following the same control parameter of the experimental session); Endurance Exercises - 20 minutes of exercises resisted, also divided into 6 exercises with 2 sets of 10 to 15 repetitions. The large muscle groups of the upper limbs, lower limbs and trunk will be exercised in fitness machine and with free weights (following the same control parameter of the experimental session); Calm back - 5 minutes of stretching.

OTHER

Control Session Without Exercise- CON

Guidance to maintain the usual level of physical activity and not to enter physical exercise programs during the 12 weeks of follow-up.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

  collaborator OTHER_GOV

• Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.

  collaborator OTHER_GOV

• Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Masking

SINGLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

60 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2025-09-01

Primary Completion

2027-08-30

Completion

2027-08-30

Countries

• Brazil

Study Locations