Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Cardiac Depression Scale

Summary

The Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS) in both its long and short forms has been validated in various languages and populations and is used to detect depression in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is no validity and reliability study of the CDS for CVD patients in the Turkish population available in the literature, which prevents its use in Turkish population. The study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of long and short forms of the CDS in Turkish individuals with CVD.

Conditions

• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Depression

Interventions

OTHER

Sociodemographic Data Form

After inquiring about participants' sociodemographic characteristics, such as name, contact information, age, gender, marital status, education level, income, and place of residence, measurements of height, weight, and waist circumference will be obtained. Then, participants' CVD, psychiatric and other medical conditions, CVD risk factors, health history, and medications they are using will be queried. This information will be recorded in the sociodemographic data form. The sociodemographic data form has been prepared by the researchers.

OTHER

Short Form Health Survey

SF-36 is a self-assessment scale and can be completed in five minutes. SF-36 can evaluate both the negative and positive aspects of health. The scale consists of 36 items which are used to assess different health dimensions in 8 subscales: Physical functioning (10 items), social functioning (2 items), role limitations due to physical problems (4 items), role limitations due to emotional problems (3 items), mental health (5 items), energy/vitality (4 items), pain (2 items), and general health perception (5 items).

OTHER

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

The HADS was designed in 1983 to identify anxiety and depression in individuals with physical illnesses. The HADS is a self-reported scale consisting of seven items each for the anxiety and depression subscales. Each item is scored from 0 to 3, and the total score for the anxiety and depression subscales is 21 points. The overall HADS score is obtained by summing the points from both subscales. A total subscale score between 0-7 indicates a normal test result, 8-10 indicates mild anxiety or depression, 11-15 indicates moderate anxiety or depression, and 16-21 indicates severe anxiety or depression. Higher scores represent higher levels of anxiety or depression, and the total HADS score reflects an overall measure of psychological distress. The survey can be completed in 2-5 minutes.

OTHER

Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale

The IIRS is an easy-to-administer scale designed to predict the psychosocial impact of chronic illness and to document and compare the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. It consists of 13 questions which are completed by the patient. The scale measures how the limitations imposed by chronic and life-threatening diseases hinder participation in regular activities across 13 important aspects of life: Health, diet, work, active recreation (sports), passive recreation (reading, listening to music), finances, relationships with partners, sexual life, family relationships, other social relationships, self-expression/development, religious expression, and community and civic participation.

OTHER

Cardiac Depression Scale

CDS was designed to identify depression in individuals with CVDs. It consists of 26 items across 7 subscales. The subscales address issues such as sleep, uncertainty, mood, hopelessness, immobility, anhedonia, and cognition. The CDS is rated on a 7-point Likert scale, with seven items being reverse-coded. Based on patient feedback and clinical experience, two short forms were developed, each consisting of five questions. Both short forms showed good consistency with the original CDS. The first short form includes questions from the original CDS numbered 12, 24, 21, 10, and 9. The second short form includes questions from the original CDS numbered 12, 4, 25, 21, and 7.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Kırıkkale University

  lead OTHER

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2025-02-11

Primary Completion

2025-11-01

Completion

2026-01-01

Countries

• Turkey (Türkiye)

Study Locations