Social Mechanisms for Promoting Physical Activity in After School Programs for Underserved Middle School Youth

Summary

The primary goal of the Connect feasibility trial was to develop and test the feasibility of a physical activity (PA) social-climate-based intervention within pre-existing after school programs (ASPs) that targets youth social goals (e.g., building friendships through PA) and social competencies (e.g., friendship-building skills) to increase the positive PA affect, cognitions, and moderate-to-vigorous (MV) PA of underserved (i.e., low income, minority status) middle school youth. The 8-week intervention was designed to improve several key social mechanisms within ASPs overlooked in previous interventions (e.g., developing friendship and connection to peers and staff through PA; group belonging, including positive peer PA norms and tangible support) that are key predictors of youth PA and included: 1) "Get to know you" sessions aimed at providing youth guided social opportunities to foster friendship-building skills, and to promote acceptance, cooperation, contribution, and friendship affiliation, and; 2) a novel socially-oriented physical activity curriculum tailored to meet the social goals and needs of program staff and participating youth. Comparison of ASPs receiving the 8-week "Connect" intervention (N=3 ASPs) with ASPs randomized to receive the general ASP curriculum (wait-list control condition; N=3 ASPs) will yield preliminary data on the effectiveness of social mediators for improving moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and preventing obesity among at-risk youth that can inform future intervention design and youth programming policy. Results of this proposed project will provide the basis for conducting a large scale efficacy trial.

First, it is hypothesized that the Connect program will be documented to be feasible as shown by: 1) youth's greater perceived connectedness and PA affiliation goal orientation from baseline to post-intervention; 2). changes in targeted social climate components from baseline to post-intervention as measured by systematic observations, and; 3) adequate dose and fidelity of program implementation as indicated by weekly process evaluations. Second, it is hypothesized that youth in the social climate program (vs. comparison) demonstrate greater increases in positive PA affect, cognitions, and MVPA from baseline to post-intervention.

Conditions

• Physical Activity
• Obesity Prevention

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

Connect Social Mechanisms Intervention

The "Get-to-Know-You" small group sessions (30 minutes) were designed to increase friendship building skills and involved interactive student-led discussions and activities designed to foster the assets needed to build and support friendships, group cohesion, and staff connections through PA. The PA component of the program (60 minutes) was designed to promote a positive PA social experience and meet youth social affiliation goals. Available games to choose from were novel, inclusive, emphasized teamwork, and centered on social goals. Three different PA stations were offered each program day in which youth rotated. One day each week was designated as a "choice day", whereby youth activity preference ratings were used to determine which activities were offered that day.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

  collaborator NIH

• University of South Carolina

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Nicole Zarrett, PhD · University of South Carolina

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

NONE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

9 Years

Max Age

16 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2014-09-18

Primary Completion

2017-03-03

Completion

2017-03-03