Investigation of Dietary Absorptive Capacity of Fructans in Healthy Subjects - A Dose Response Study

Summary

Fructan is a carbohydrate polymer that is composed of fructose and a terminal glucose moiety . Fructans are naturally found in artichokes (6.1 grams/serving), leeks (5.9 grams/serving), onion bulbs (1.01 grams/serving), flour (4.0 grams/serving), garlic (.52 grams/serving), watermelon (.92 grams/serving), nectarines (.27 grams/serving) and white peaches (.50 grams/serving). Because fructans are present in many common foods, people typically ingest high levels of fructan. The most common structural forms of fructan are inulin, levanare and geraminan . The human body absorbs only 5% of fructan, however it is estimated that the daily intake in the USA may vary between 1-20 grams, and possibly higher due to the recently discovered benefits of inulins . Dietary trends indicate that high levels of fructans are common in the European and American diet, as more wheat based products such as breakfast cereal, pasta, and bread are consumed.

Fructans may not be well tolerated by some subjects and its malabsorption may result in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as heartburn, belching, abdominal pain, diarrhea, gas, and bloating; and this is especially true when higher doses are ingested. Unlike glucose, fructans are not efficiently digested or absorbed by the small intestine. The mechanism for malabsorption is related to the inability to hydrolyze glycosidic linkages in the complex polysaccharide, resulting in the delivery of malabsorbed fructans to the large bowel1. In the colon, the malabsorbed fructans are rapidly fermented, and byproducts of this fermentation include H2, CH4, and other gases that may contribute to bowel symptoms. Furthermore, the small molecular nature of fructans results in an osmotic effect which draws more water into the small intestine and causes bloating and diarrhea.

Ingestion of high doses of fructans can cause symptoms in healthy adults, but may cause more bothersome symptoms in subjects with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Earlier studies have identified that IBS affects between 10 and 15% of the population in the United States. Ingestion of 10-20 grams of fructan daily may cause symptoms of IBS, and restricting fructan intake in a diet may reduce symptoms in a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. One study recently published found that dietary restriction of fructan and fructose was responsible for symptomatic improvement in patients with IBS.

Hypothesis:

The investigators hypothesize that healthy individuals will absorb fructan 7.5 gram and 10 gram doses, and will experience malabsorption at the 12.5 gram fructan dose.

Conditions

• Healthy Volunteers

Interventions

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Fructan - 7.5

Subjects will consume 7.5 grams of fructan

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Fructan - 10

Subjects will consume 10 grams of fructan

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Fructan - 12.5

Subjects will consume 12.5 grams of fructan

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Fructan -- 5 grams

Subjects will consume 5 grams fructan.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• American Gastroenterological Association Foundation

  collaborator OTHER

• Augusta University

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Satish Rao, MD, PhD · Augusta University

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

TRIPLE

Model

CROSSOVER

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Max Age

99 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2009-06-30

Primary Completion

2011-08-31

Completion

2018-07-20

Countries

• United States

Study Locations