Effects of Virtual Reality and Breathing Exercises on Hemodialysis Patients' Symptoms and Quality of Life

Summary

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of virtual reality glasses and breathing exercises on symptoms and quality of life in patients receiving hemodialysis treatment.

Design: This randomized controlled cross-sectional study will be conducted in the hemodialysis units of 3 state and 2 private hospitals. Individuals over 18 years old, diagnosed with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), on hemodialysis for at least 3 months, without communication barriers, and volunteering to participate will be included. A power analysis using G\*Power (v3.1.7) determined a sample size of 53 individuals per group for 80% power at α=0.05. Data will be collected through a demographic questionnaire, Dialysis Symptom Index (DSI), and WHOQOL-Bref-TR, with permission obtained from scale developers.

Participants will be randomized into three groups:

Experiment 1 (Virtual Reality Group): After completing the initial scales, patients will watch a 20-minute nature simulation via virtual reality glasses before and after hemodialysis. This will be repeated in two follow-up sessions one week apart, followed by scale administration.

Experiment 2 (Breathing Exercise Group): Patients will perform deep breathing exercises guided by the researcher: 1 minute normal breathing, 3 minutes chest breathing, 3 minutes diaphragmatic breathing, 2 minutes pursed-lip breathing, and 1 minute normal breathing. Exercises will be conducted for 10 minutes before and after hemodialysis, repeated in two follow-up sessions one week apart, with post-session scale completion.

Control Group: Patients will receive routine hemodialysis without any additional intervention. The same scales will be administered at baseline and during two follow-ups one week apart.

Statistics: Data analysis will be performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Software. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, median, frequency, ratio) will be used. The Shapiro-Wilk test and box plot graphics will assess normality. For comparisons: ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Tukey's post-hoc test, Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact chi-square test, Bonferroni test, and multiple regression model analyses.

Significance will be set at p\<0.05.

Conditions

• Kidney Diseases

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

routine hemodialysis

Patients will receive routine hemodialysis without any additional intervention. The same scales will be administered at baseline and during two follow-ups one week apart.

BEHAVIORAL

Breathing Exercise

Patients will perform deep breathing exercises guided by the researcher: 1 minute normal breathing, 3 minutes chest breathing, 3 minutes diaphragmatic breathing, 2 minutes pursed-lip breathing, and 1 minute normal breathing. Exercises will be conducted for 10 minutes before and after hemodialysis, repeated in two follow-up sessions one week apart, with post-session scale completion.

DEVICE

Virtual Reality

After completing the initial scales, patients will watch a 20-minute nature simulation via virtual reality glasses before and after hemodialysis. This will be repeated in two follow-up sessions one week apart, followed by scale administration.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Trakya University Scientific Research Projects Unit

  collaborator UNKNOWN

• Trakya University

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Ecehan Bulut · PhD student

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

SINGLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2021-08-01

Primary Completion

2025-05-15

Completion

2025-07-28

Countries

• Turkey (Türkiye)

Study Locations