Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist Stimulation on Smoking Consumption in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Summary

Diabetes has become an increasingly serious global health issue. In 2024, approximately 537 million adults were living with diabetes, and this number is projected to rise to 783 million by 2045, representing a 46% increase. Against the backdrop of a growing global diabetes epidemic, smoking among individuals with diabetes poses a significant threat, further exacerbating clinical and public health burdens. Despite over 50 years of tobacco control efforts, smoking remains one of the greatest public health threats in history, causing more than 8 million deaths annually worldwide. Among these, over 7 million deaths result from direct tobacco use, while approximately 1.3 million deaths are attributed to secondhand smoke exposure.

Recent studies have shown that smoking increases the risk of developing prediabetes and diabetes. Moreover, individuals with diabetes who smoke have a higher risk of all-cause mortality, worsened chronic diabetic complications, an increased likelihood of developing cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and greater difficulty in glycemic control. Despite substantial evidence highlighting the detrimental effects of smoking on individuals with diabetes, national surveys from the 1990s indicated similar smoking prevalence rates between individuals with and without diabetes (27.3% and 25.9%, respectively). Although various smoking cessation methods are available, the success rate of quitting remains low, necessitating novel intervention strategies.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. They exert hypoglycemic effects by stimulating insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, inhibiting glucagon secretion, enhancing glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue, suppressing hepatic glucose production, delaying gastric emptying, and reducing appetite. Existing studies suggest that GLP-1 influences the brain's reward system, and GLP-1RAs have been shown to reduce nicotine dependence in animal models. Recent clinical research has demonstrated that GLP-1RAs can be used in combination with nicotine patches to facilitate smoking cessation. However, whether GLP-1RAs alone can directly promote smoking cessation in individuals with diabetes remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential direct effects of GLP-1RAs on smoking cessation in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Conditions

• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
• Nicotine Dependence, Cigarettes

Interventions

DRUG

Application of GLP-1RAs drugs

The pharmacological intervention will be given as an add-on to the standardised psychosocial T2DM treatment paradigm. Patients self-inject Semaglutide once a week or use other GLP-1RAs

DRUG

DPP-4i group

The pharmacological intervention will be given as an add-on to the standardised psychosocial T2DM treatment paradigm. Patients took the DPP-4i according to their actual needs.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Shanghai East Hospital

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• jun Song, doctoral degree · East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

SINGLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Max Age

75 Years

Sex

MALE

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2025-06-21

Primary Completion

2026-01-11

Completion

2026-07-01

Countries

• China

Study Locations