Dietary Management of Gestational Diabetes

Summary

eMOM is a randomized, controlled trial to compare the effects of two different dietary interventions during pregnancy. The comparison is based on tissue glucose content (using continuous glucose monitoring system) in pregnant women and on neonate body composition. The recruited women (n=60) have been diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, and are of Caucasian origin. Of the study diets, one is moderately carbohydrate restricted and the other one is high on plant-based protein with an emphasis on healthy Nordic foods. The study has two two-week study periods that are carried out on approximately gestational weeks 24-28 (period I) and 34-36 (period II). Continuous glucose monitoring and other measurements (accelerometer, 3-day food record, gut microbiota, serum lipids, metabolomics, epigenetics etc.) are done during these study periods. At the beginning of the study, before study period I, the participants are randomized to either one of the intervention diets. The first study period consists of a crossover phase in which the participants receive three days' worth of food according to one of the intervention diets (according to the randomization) after which there is a three-day wash-out period. After the wash-out period, the participants receive three days' worth of food according to the other diet. After the first study period, a nutritionist advises the lastly followed intervention diet to the participant and the diet is followed until delivery. To ensure the diet is followed, the participants gets at least three personal face-to-face counseling sessions, phone calls, mobile reminders, recipes and food items. After delivery, the infant's body composition, epigenetic markers of cord blood and placenta, gut microbiome and urine metabolomics are measured.

Conditions

• Diabetes, Gestational
• Dietary Modification
• Glucose Intolerance During Pregnancy
• Body Composition
• Birth Weight

Interventions

OTHER

Carbohydrate restricted diet

The intervention is implemented by individual face-to-face counseling and mobile-phone counseling by a nutritionist, as well as food bags and recipes suitable for the diet. Targets: fruits and vegetables 500 g/d, fish 2 times/wk, low-fat instead of high-fat meat, red meat ≤ 3 times/wk, low-fat instead of high-fat dairy, high-fibre instead of low-fibre grains, vegetable oils (excluding palm oil and coconut oil) and soft margarine instead of animal fats, moderate reduction of carbohydrates (targets for macronutrients: carbohydrates 40 E%; fat 40 E%; protein 20 E%; dietary fiber 32g, energy intake approximately 2000 kcal/d; protein intake 20 E%; sucrose: \<10 E%; fatty acids: saturated fatty acids \< 10 E%, polyunsaturated fatty acids 5-10 E% and the rest of fat as monounsaturated fatty acids)

OTHER

Plant-protein based diet

The intervention is implemented by individual face-to-face counseling and mobile-phone counseling by a nutritionist, as well as food bags and recipes suitable for the diet. Targets: fruits and vegetables 1 kg/d; fish 3/wk; high-fibre grains, mainly rye, oat and barley; plant protein instead of meat protein; low-fat fermented dairy instead of other dairy; rapeseed oil and rapeseed-based margarine instead of other fats; no carbohydrate restriction (targets for macronutrients: carbohydrates 50 E%; fat 30 E%; protein 20 E%; dietary fiber 36g, energy intake approximately 2000 kcal/d; protein intake 20 E%; sucrose: \<10 E%; fatty acids: saturated fatty acids \< 10 E%, polyunsaturated fatty acids 5-10 E% and the rest of fat as monounsaturated fatty acids)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Helsinki

  collaborator OTHER

• Aalto University

  collaborator OTHER

• Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare

  collaborator OTHER_GOV

• City of Helsinki

  collaborator OTHER

• UKK Institute

  collaborator OTHER

• Helsinki University Central Hospital

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Seppo Heinonen, prof · Head of department of obs and gyn/Helsinki University Hospital

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

DOUBLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Sex

FEMALE

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2018-12-03

Primary Completion

2020-06-05

Completion

2027-12-30

Countries

• Finland

Study Locations