Smoking Cessation for American Indians

Summary

American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) have the highest smoking rates of the major racial/ethnic groups in the United States, approaching 40% to 50%.1-3 In addition, this underserved population has very low smoking cessation and abstinence rates. The smoking-attributable mortality rate of AI/ANs is not only the highest but double that of other ethnic groups.4 To date, there have been almost no studies that have focused on methods to encourage smoking cessation among AI/AN smokers and no randomized clinical trials. There is a desperate need for effective, culturally tailored cessation programs.5, 6 We propose a 2 arm, group randomized clinical trial to be conducted at 2 sites in the Midwest (Kansas and Oklahoma).

We have begun to address these issues through the creation of the "All Nations Breath of Life" (ANBL) smoking cessation program using community-based participatory research methods. ANBL is group-based and is culturally-sensitive in all program components. It recognizes the sacred role of tobacco among many AI/ANs and how culture affects smoking cessation among AI/AN, while still addressing recreational smoking. Our pilot work shows promise for reducing cigarette smoking in AI/AN smokers, with quit rates of 30% at six months post-baseline, compared to 8-10% quit rates in other published studies.

All participants in the proposed study will be offered pharmacotherapy (e.g. Varenicline or Bupropion or NRT) then randomized into either the culturally-tailored "All Nations Breath of Life" program (ANBL) or Nontailored (NT. ANBL consists of in-person group sessions and individual telephone calls. We have successfully conducted a pilot study of ANBL and have found very promising results. At 6 months post baseline, all participants will be assessed for smoking status and continuous abstinence. We will randomize 28 groups per site (8 smokers per group) to ANBL or NT for a total sample size of 448 AI/AN smokers.

This study is the first controlled trial to examine the efficacy of a culturally-tailored smoking cessation program for AI/ANs. In collaboration with AI/AN colleagues in Oklahoma we designed and successfully piloted the intervention to be culturally-tailored and sustainable in order to enhance its potential for widespread adoption and ultimate impact among AI/AN smokers. If the intervention is successful, the potential health impact is significant because the prevalence of smoking is the highest in this population.

Conditions

• Smoking Cessation

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

All Nations Breath of Life (ANBL)

ANBL consists of in-person group sessions and individual telephone calls. We have successfully conducted a pilot study of ANBL and have found very promising results. At six months and 12 months post baseline, all participants will be assessed for smoking status and smoking abstinence.

BEHAVIORAL

Nontailored program (NT)

The nontailored intervention includes the medicines listed above to all participants and targeted counseling delivered by non-American Indian counselors who have worked closely with the American Indian communities and respect the cultures, values, and traditions of the Indian people. Therefore, our intervention includes the current "best practice" recommendations for smoking cessation. At six months and 12 months post baseline, all participants will be assessed for smoking status and smoking abstinence.

DRUG

Pharmacotherapy

All participants in the study will be offered pharmacotherapy (e.g. Varenicline, Bupropion, or NRT)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• National Cancer Institute (NCI)

  collaborator NIH

• Won Choi, PhD, MPH

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Won Choi, PhD · University of Kansas Medical Center

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2010-09-30

Primary Completion

2014-07-31

Completion

2014-07-31

FDA Drug

Yes

Countries

• United States

Study Locations