USE OF PERINEAL MIRROR DURING THE SECOND STAGE OF LABOR

Summary

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of perineal mirror use during the second stage of labor on the duration of the second stage, postpartum recovery, and perceived pain, support, and control levels during delivery.

Method: The study was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study to examine the effect of perineal mirror use on delivery outcomes in primiparous women. The study population consisted of primiparous pregnant women admitted to the maternity clinic between June 29, 2026, and October 30, 2026. The sample size was calculated using the G\*Power 3.1.9.2 program with an effect size of 0.50, 5% Type I error, and 95% power level; a total of 72 participants were selected, 36 in the intervention group and 36 in the control group. Considering potential losses, the sample size was increased by 10%, and a total of 80 pregnant women were planned to be included in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group using a perineal mirror and the control group receiving routine care. The following instruments will be used as data collection tools: Pregnancy Demographic Information Form, REEDA Scale, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Perceived Support and Control in Childbirth Scale.

Expected Outcome: It is predicted that the perineal mirror may increase the woman's active participation, motivation, and perceived control by allowing her to see the fetal descent and the progress of labor; consequently, it may reduce the duration of active pushing and the duration of the second stage. It is also thought that it may have positive effects on the birth experience, postpartum recovery, and perceived level of support and control. The research results are expected to provide evidence for non-invasive and low-cost applications that can be used in childbirth care.

Conditions

• Labor, Second Stage
• Vaginal Delivery
• Primiparity
• Perineal Mirror Use
• Childbirth Experience
• Labor Pain
• Perceived Support During Childbirth
• Perceived Control During Childbirth
• Postpartum Perineal Healing

Interventions

DEVICE

Perineal Mirror

A perineal mirror will be positioned at the foot of the delivery bed during the active pushing phase of the second stage of labor. The mirror will allow the woman to visualize fetal descent and birth progress while continuing routine intrapartum care. The intervention is non-invasive, does not alter standard clinical management, and is intended to enhance maternal participation, motivation, perceived control, and support during childbirth.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Sakarya University

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Masking

NONE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

19 Years

Max Age

49 Years

Sex

FEMALE

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2026-06-29

Primary Completion

2026-10-30

Completion

2026-10-30

Countries

• Turkey (Türkiye)

Study Locations