The Effects of Electronic Cigarette and Traditional Cigarette

Summary

The aim of the study is to investigate and compare the effects of traditional cigarette and e-cigarette consumption habits on sleep quality, fatigue, mental health and quality of life.

Conditions

• Cigarette Addiction

Interventions

OTHER

Fatigue Severity Scale

Individuals' fatigue severity will be assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The scale consists of nine questions, and participants are asked about their fatigue level over the past week. Questions are scored from 1 to 7 using a Likert-type scale, where 1 corresponds to "strongly disagree" and 7 to "strongly agree," with higher scores indicating greater agreement. The total score is calculated by taking the arithmetic mean of all items, with the highest possible score being 7. Scores of 4 and above indicate pathological fatigue. The validity and reliability of the FSS in Turkish have been previously established.

OTHER

Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21

The 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) will be administered to assess individuals' levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The original scale was developed by Lovibond with 42 items. Subsequently, Brown et al. validated a shorter form for the same purpose and created the 21-item DASS-21. The Turkish adaptation of the DASS-21 was conducted by Yılmaz et al. The scale measures three subscales-depression, anxiety, and stress-consisting of seven items each. It is a 4-point Likert-type scale, with 0 indicating "Does not apply to me," 1 "Applies to me somewhat," 2 "Generally applies to me," and 3 "Applies to me completely." All items are scored positively, and each subscale is categorized as normal, mild, moderate, severe, or very severe.

OTHER

Jenkins Sleep Scale

The Jenkins Sleep Scale consists of four questions that assess sleep problems over a four-week period. Each question is scored from 0 to 5, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater sleep disturbances.

OTHER

Epworth Sleepiness Scale

The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was developed to assess daytime sleepiness. It consists of eight items, each scored from 0 to 3, yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 24. Higher scores indicate greater daytime sleepiness. The Turkish version of the scale was validated for reliability and accuracy by İzci et al. in 2008..

OTHER

Short Form-36

Quality of life will be assessed using the Turkish version of the Short Form-36 (SF-36). The SF-36 assesses quality of life under eight subscales: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health. Scores for each subscale are calculated separately, ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status. A total score is not calculated.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Atılım University

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Seval Yılmaz, PhD · Atılım University

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Max Age

65 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2025-03-30

Primary Completion

2025-08-01

Completion

2025-08-01

Countries

• Turkey (Türkiye)

Study Locations