Characterizing the Host Response to Leptospirosis for Better Diagnosis and Prognosis - NIHFI

Summary

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis found worldwide, but particularly in humid subtropical and tropical zones. It is caused by pathogenic bacteria of the Leptospira species of the spirochete family. It is estimated that there are over a million cases of leptospirosis worldwide each year, with 60,000 deaths. These figures place leptospirosis among the most dangerous bacterial zoonoses in the world.

The disease affects the most disadvantaged populations, and also inflicts its burden on domestic and farm animals. To this day, however, leptospirosis remains a neglected disease, poorly understood because it has been little studied.

Human leptospirosis initially presents as a febrile syndrome, with fever, headache, myalgia and joint pain. These symptoms are very similar to those observed in influenza, dengue fever and other acute febrile illnesses, making diagnosis very difficult.

Delayed initiation of antibiotic therapy, a treatment recommended by the WHO, is associated with the development of severe forms of leptospirosis. Indeed, in 10% of cases, leptospirosis evolves into severe forms, which are still poorly described, but which result in haemorrhage, multivisceral failure (lungs, kidneys, liver) and a drastic increase in the case-fatality rate. In 2023, 152 cases of leptospirosis were reported in New Caledonia. Of these, 130 people (85%) were hospitalized and 4 deaths were recorded (2.6%).

For patients suffering from leptospirosis, it is therefore important to be able to make the diagnosis quickly, ideally as soon as symptoms appear. It is also crucial to be able to monitor, or even prevent, the development of severe forms of the disease, to ensure optimal patient care.

Conditions

• Leptospirosis

Interventions

OTHER

Blood sample

For febrile patients with confirmed (group 1) or refuted (group 2) diagnosis of leptospirosis: \- At D0, D1, D3 and D15 a 20-ml blood sample For healthy patients (group 3): \- At D0 and D15: a 20-ml blood sample

OTHER

Urine Sample

For all participants, a 5-ml urine sample at D0

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Centre Terrritorial Hospitalier Gaston Bourret

  collaborator UNKNOWN

• Institut Pasteur

  lead INDUSTRY

Principal Investigators

• Frédéric Veyrier, PhD · Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie

• Cécile Cazorla, MD · Centre Hospitalier Territorial Gaston-Bourret

Study Design

Allocation

NA

Purpose

DIAGNOSTIC

Masking

NONE

Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2025-06-01

Primary Completion

2029-07-01

Completion

2029-07-01