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The Effect of Breathing Exercises and the Valsalva Maneuver on Pain Reduction During Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization

NCT06872671 · Status: COMPLETED · Phase: NA · Type: INTERVENTIONAL · Enrollment: 138

Last updated 2025-06-03

No results posted yet for this study

Summary

Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion is a painful procedure due to its invasive nature. During the procedure, damage to the endothelial layer and improper interventions can further increase pain levels. Additionally, pain can cause vasoconstriction, negatively affecting venous filling and reducing the success rate of IV catheter insertion. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used to alleviate invasive pain associated with PIVC. However, pharmacological methods are often considered disadvantageous due to their high cost, potential adverse effects, and increased medication use. In contrast, non-pharmacological approaches are preferred as they are cost-effective, have fewer side effects, and pose a lower risk of complications.

Conditions

Interventions

OTHER

Experimental: Breathing Exercise Group

Eyes will be closed first. Head and neck will be relaxed. Breathing will be taken through the nose for three seconds. Then the breath will be held for three seconds. In the last step, breath will be exhaled through the mouth for three seconds. The patient will be instructed to take five normal breaths between each breathing exercise. The patient will be asked to count to three and will be told that he/she can count by using his/her fingers. The exercise will be started two minutes before the catheterisation procedure and the patient will be instructed to perform the breathing exercise twice. The patient will be asked to continue doing the breathing exercise until the PIC application process is completed.

OTHER

Valsalva Manoeuvre Group

The valsalva manoeuvre will be performed by blowing into a plastic tube connected through a sphygmomanometer. Patients will be allowed to raise the manometer by 30 mmHg for at least 20 seconds. Care will be taken to ensure that the PIC procedure is performed by the same nurse for the patients in the Valsalva manoeuvre group. The nurses performing the PIC procedure will be informed about the research subject and will be told that the patients will start the valsalva manoeuvre before the PIC procedure. Patients who can perform the valsalva manoeuvre by the researcher will be included in the study. Haemodynamic variables (blood pressure, pulse, saturation) of the patients will be recorded before the valsalva manoeuvre. Afterwards, the researcher will instruct the patients to blow into the plastic tube for 20 seconds after a deep breath to create 30 mmHg pressure.

Sponsors & Collaborators

  • Mustafa Kemal University

    lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Model
PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age
18 Years
Sex
ALL
Healthy Volunteers
Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start
2025-03-03
Primary Completion
2025-03-03
Completion
2025-06-01

Countries

  • Turkey (Türkiye)

Study Locations

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Entities

Diseases

Read the full study record

This page highlights key information. For complete eligibility criteria, study locations, investigator contacts, and the full protocol, visit the original record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

View NCT06872671 on ClinicalTrials.gov