Canadian Beach Cohort Study

Summary

Swimming and other water activities at public beaches are increasingly popular leisure activities among Canadians. However, these activities can lead to increased risks of acquiring acute gastrointestinal illness and respiratory, skin, ear, and eye infections among beachgoers. These illnesses have a significant health and economic burden on society, with young children having much higher rates of illness than other age groups. Currently, baseline data are lacking on the risk of recreational water illness in Canada, and beachgoers may lack awareness and understanding of these risks and how to prevent them. This study will identify the burden of recreational water illness among Canadian beachgoers. The results will be used to develop recommendations for improving recreational water quality guidelines for safe swimming in Canada, as well as public health risk management and communication strategies with beachgoers. The study will use a mixed-methods approach, consisting of a prospective cohort study and a qualitative study of beachgoers. The investigators will determine the risk of acquiring recreational water illness outcomes in beachgoers that engage in different levels of water and sand contact. The investigators will examine differences in illness risks by beachgoer gender, age, and location. The investigators will examine relationships between fecal indicator bacteria (E. coli), environmental conditions, and host-specific biomarkers with the risk of gastrointestinal illness among beachgoers. The investigators will also evaluate beachgoer risk perceptions and behaviours toward recreational water quality. The study will take place at five targeted beach sites in British Columbia, Manitoba, and Ontario. The study will be coordinated by a multidisciplinary research team, with activities guided by a stakeholder steering group consisting of key knowledge users. The long-term goal is to reduce the burden of recreational water illness in Canada, contributing to improved public health.

Conditions

• Water-Related Diseases
• Gastrointestinal Diseases

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

Level of recreational water contact activities

We will examine a graded classification of this exposure based on individuals' minimum level of water contact: 1) no water contact; 2) minimal contact; 3) body immersion; 4) swallowed water. Minimal contact is defined as water contact that does not result in body immersion (e.g., wading below one's waist, boating, fishing). Body immersion is defined as entering the water above one's waist (e.g., swimming, surfing, snorkelling), and swallowing water as ingestion of any amount of water.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Waterloo

  collaborator OTHER

• University of Guelph

  collaborator OTHER

• Health Canada

  collaborator OTHER_GOV

• Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)

  collaborator OTHER_GOV

• Toronto Public Health

  collaborator OTHER_GOV

• Vancouver Coastal Health

  collaborator OTHER_GOV

• Government of Manitoba

  collaborator UNKNOWN

• Niagara Region Public Health

  collaborator OTHER

• McMaster University

  collaborator OTHER

• Halifax Regional Municipality

  collaborator UNKNOWN

• Toronto Metropolitan University

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Ian Young · School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University

Eligibility

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2023-06-16

Primary Completion

2026-09-15

Completion

2029-03-31

Countries

• Canada

Study Locations