Trial Outcomes & Findings for Storytelling To Prevent Obesity and Encourage Responsive Feeding Practices in Young Children (NCT NCT05994924)

NCT ID: NCT05994924

Last Updated: 2026-07-06

Results Overview

Number of parents who are approached for participation at 3 primary care offices.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

60 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline

Results posted on

2026-07-06

Participant Flow

Children were not consented and did not take part in the intervention. Data was collected only from parents who were consented.

Children were not consented and did not take part in the intervention. Data was collected only from parents who were consented.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Handout Only
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Overall Study
STARTED
20
20
20
Overall Study
COMPLETED
17
16
6
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
3
4
14

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Handout Only
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
3
4
14

Baseline Characteristics

Storytelling To Prevent Obesity and Encourage Responsive Feeding Practices in Young Children

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Online-Only Video Series
n=20 Participants
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Handout Only
n=20 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=20 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Total
n=60 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
0 Participants
n=267 Participants
0 Participants
n=265 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
20 Participants
n=27 Participants
20 Participants
n=9 Participants
20 Participants
n=267 Participants
60 Participants
n=265 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
0 Participants
n=267 Participants
0 Participants
n=265 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
6 Participants
n=27 Participants
11 Participants
n=9 Participants
8 Participants
n=267 Participants
25 Participants
n=265 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
14 Participants
n=27 Participants
9 Participants
n=9 Participants
12 Participants
n=267 Participants
35 Participants
n=265 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
16 Participants
n=27 Participants
1 Participants
n=9 Participants
16 Participants
n=267 Participants
33 Participants
n=265 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
4 Participants
n=27 Participants
19 Participants
n=9 Participants
4 Participants
n=267 Participants
27 Participants
n=265 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
0 Participants
n=267 Participants
0 Participants
n=265 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
0 Participants
n=267 Participants
0 Participants
n=265 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
0 Participants
n=267 Participants
0 Participants
n=265 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
0 Participants
n=267 Participants
0 Participants
n=265 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
10 Participants
n=27 Participants
10 Participants
n=9 Participants
8 Participants
n=267 Participants
28 Participants
n=265 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
8 Participants
n=27 Participants
8 Participants
n=9 Participants
9 Participants
n=267 Participants
25 Participants
n=265 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
1 Participants
n=9 Participants
0 Participants
n=267 Participants
1 Participants
n=265 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
2 Participants
n=27 Participants
1 Participants
n=9 Participants
3 Participants
n=267 Participants
6 Participants
n=265 Participants
High School Education
Less than high school diploma
4 Participants
n=27 Participants
2 Participants
n=9 Participants
5 Participants
n=267 Participants
11 Participants
n=265 Participants
High School Education
High school graduate
16 Participants
n=27 Participants
18 Participants
n=9 Participants
15 Participants
n=267 Participants
49 Participants
n=265 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Number of parents who are approached for participation at 3 primary care offices.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
n=107 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Number of Parents Approached
107 parents approached

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Number of parents that consented to participating in the study.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
n=107 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Number of Parents Consented
60 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Month 2

Population: Videos were only made available to parents in the online-only video series arm

tracking the number of videos viewed by each parent

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
n=16 Participants
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Number of Parents Who Viewed Videos Provided by Provider
16 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Month 2

Population: group sessions were not offered to the Handout Only and Online-Only arms

number of parents who complete two in-person group sessions

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=6 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Number of Parents Who Complete In-Person Group Sessions
6 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Month 4

Percent of parents who responded that the intervention was acceptable or completely acceptable to them

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
n=17 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
n=16 Participants
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=6 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Parent Acceptance of Intervention - Percent of Parents
86.67 percent of parents
93.33 percent of parents
83.33 percent of parents

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Month 4

Measure facilitator acceptability using semi-structured interviews - Percent of facilitators who respond on the survey that the intervention was acceptable or completely acceptable to them

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
n=2 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Facilitator Acceptance of Intervention - Percent of Facilitators
100 percent of facilitators

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Month 4

The 4-item subscale from the Child Feeding Questionnaire, called Pressure to Eat, measures parents' tendency to pressure their children to eat more food, typically at mealtimes. Possible scores range from 1-5, with higher scores indicating greater severity of parents' tendency to pressuring their children to eat more food. Information to be utilized in a future larger study.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
n=17 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
n=16 Participants
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=6 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Mean Pressure to Eat Score (Child Feeding Questionnaire)
2.72 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.66
2.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.22
2.04 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.78

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Month 4

The 8-item subscale from the Child Feeding Questionnaire, called Restriction, measures the extent to which parents restrict their child's access to foods. Possible scores range from 1-5, with higher scores indicating greater severity of parents restricting their child's access to foods. Information to be utilized in a future larger study.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
n=17 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
n=16 Participants
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=6 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Mean Restriction Score (Child Feeding Questionnaire)
3.62 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.86
3.48 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.14
2.81 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.80

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Month 4

Mean satiety responsiveness score obtained using a 5-point scale from Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Possible scores range from 1-5, with higher scores indicating higher self-regulation. Information to be utilized in a future larger study.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
n=17 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
n=16 Participants
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=6 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Mean Satiety Responsiveness Score
2.64 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.76
2.89 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.68
2.83 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.53

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Month 4

Mean food responsiveness score obtained using a 5-point scale from Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Possible scores range from 1-5, with higher scores on food responsiveness indicating lower self-regulation. Information to be utilized in a future larger study.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
n=17 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
n=16 Participants
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=6 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Mean Food Responsiveness Score
3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.85
2.51 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.71
2.17 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.23

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Month 4

Mean enjoyment of food score obtained using a 5-point scale from Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Possible scores range from 1-5, with higher scores on food responsiveness indicating lower self-regulation. Information to be utilized in a future larger study.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
n=17 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
n=16 Participants
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=6 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Mean Enjoyment of Food Score
4.16 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.70
4.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.75
4.17 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.44

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Month 4

The 10-item Structure of Family Meals subscale from the Meals in our Household Questionnaire measures how often families spend their mealtimes in a specific setting. Possible scores range from 0-4, with higher scores indicating higher occurrences of specific mealtime settings. Information to be utilized in a future larger study.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
n=17 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
n=16 Participants
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=6 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Mean of Families Using Structured Mealtime Practices
3.69 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.60
3.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.56
3.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.82

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Month 4

Percentage of families eating family meals at least 3 times per week using Family Meal Frequency Questionnaire which asks how many times a week the family eats dinner together, both at home and at a restaurant. Information to be utilized in a future larger study.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
n=17 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
n=16 Participants
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=6 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Percentage of Families Eating Family Meals at Least 3 Times Per Week
57.14 percentage of participants
36.84 percentage of participants
50 percentage of participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: month 4

Population: Key points communicated only applied to the Group Sessions arm

Study staff will complete Evaluation Checklist of 9 essential key points communicated during each group session to determine intervention delivery. Out of the possible 18 key points the percentage of key points communicated during the sessions will be tallied.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=6 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Fidelity of Intervention Delivery - Percentage of Key Points
100 percentage of key points communicated

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: month 4

Percentage of facilitators who respond Agree or Strongly Agree to survey question about perceived self-competence

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
n=2 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Facilitator Self-Competence Percentage - Percentage of Facilitators
100 percentage of facilitators

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: month 4

Percentage of parents who respond Agree or Strongly Agree to survey question about whether the video content was relevant

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
n=17 Participants
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
n=16 Participants
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=6 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Fidelity of Receipt - Percentage of Parents
55 percentage of parents
66.67 percentage of parents
73.33 percentage of parents

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: month 4

Population: This outcome measure only applied to the Group Sessions arm.

Receipt will be collected through the follow-up survey. Information collected includes a response of "yes" or "no" by parent expert assessment of whether the parent identified an attainable, specific, and measurable goal. Percentage of parents who identified a goal will include the percentage who answer "yes".

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=6 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Percentage of Parents Who Identified a Goal
100 percentage of parents

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: month 4

Population: This outcome measure only applied to the Group Sessions arm.

Enactment will be collected through the follow-up survey. Enactment Percentage will include those considered by an expert to have made a specific and measurable change in feeding practices.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Handout Only
Parents in this group receive an educational handout at the baseline visit. Educational Handout: Educational handout describing responsive feeding practices.
Online-Only Video Series
Parents will be given (QR) quick-response codes to watch the videos on their own time with no discussion afterward. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices.
Group Sessions
n=6 Participants
Parents will participate in 2 weekly group sessions with video viewing and group discussion. Video Series: Videos geared toward responsive feeding practices. Group Discussion Sessions: Group discussion following video viewing led by Imprints Cares, a community organization focused on early childhood education.
Enactment Percentage
66.70 percentage of parents

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: month 4

Information collected from semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis performed and coded by two independent investigators. Representative quotes will be recorded, and transcript codes will be grouped into similar categories. Investigators will interpret themes and sub-themes from these categories.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Month 4

Measure provider acceptability using a short survey - Percent of providers who respond on the survey that the intervention was acceptable or completely acceptable to them

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: month 4

The 10-item questionnaire is measured on a 5-point Likert scale (ranging from 1=never to 5=always). The demandingness and responsiveness scores are used to categorize parent feeding style into one of four categories: authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and uninvolved styles.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

Adverse Events

Handout Only

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Online-Only Video Series

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Group Sessions

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Callie Brown, MD

Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist

Phone: 336.716.4987

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place