Effects of Whole Body Vibration and Resistance Exercise on Carotis Intima Media and Muscle Architecture in Hypertension

Summary

Exercise is of great importance in the treatment of hypertension, which is expressed as a very serious disease, the prevalence of which is increasing day by day in the world and can cause many complications that are common in society. Exercise methods effective on carotid intima-media thickness, skeletal muscle architecture, and strength, which are important markers of hypertension-related organ damage, remain unclear. Strengthening exercises draw attention as an important approach in the control of hypertension. In order for strengthening exercises to be effective in the rehabilitation of hypertension, moderate and high-intensity exercises are recommended. New exercise approach strategies are gaining importance in order to enable resistance exercise training and to increase muscle mass and strength in the elderly who have a limitation for the recommended exercise intensity, in patients with hypertension, and in people with various diseases in which the cardiovascular system is affected. Whole body vibration (TVV) applications, which have no side effects reported as the current example of these exercise approaches, attract attention. Many positive effects occur on the cardiovascular system with the short-term and low-effort application of TVV exercise approaches, which are frequently used in routine rehabilitation practices. However, when the literature is examined, the effects of these exercise approaches on carotid intima-media thickness, which is one of the main markers of hypertension-related organ damage, are unclear. In addition, the effects of hypertension on quadriceps muscle architecture, which are expected to be adversely affected as a result of affecting autophagy regulation in skeletal muscle and causing decreased muscle capillarization, remain unclear. In addition, there is insufficient data on the effectiveness of strengthening exercises and TVV exercises on hemodynamic responses and quadriceps muscle strength in hypertensive patients. It will shed light on the determination of the exercise approach that is most effective on the muscle architecture, hemodynamic responses and carotid intima-media thickness of hypertensive patients and that can show these effects without overloading the cardiovascular system.

Conditions

• Hypertension
• Whole Body Vibration
• Muscle Architecture
• Carotid Intima Media Thickness

Interventions

OTHER

Whole body vibration and strengthening exercise

Prior to commencing training, all subjects will undergo a pre-screening that includes a thorough history and physical examination to monitor compliance with the inclusion criteria. Evaluation parameters will be evaluated before and after 6 weeks of exercise. Training sessions will be held 3 days a week for 6 weeks, with a minimum of 48 hours between training sessions. All exercise groups include a warm-up period and a cool-down period (stretching exercises). Stretching exercises for the hamstring, gastrocnemius, soleus, and quadriceps muscles will be performed for 15-30 seconds and 3-5 repetitions. The total average application time (including warm-up and cool-down exercises), consisting of exercise and rest periods, was planned as 45-60 minutes for the WBV, SE, and WBV+SE groups.

OTHER

Whole body vibration exercise

The application will be carried out with a whole body vibration device that gives 35 Hz constant vertical vibration. The exercises will be performed on the vibration platform in a standing position and with vibration. 5 static squats (in 90 degrees knee extension), mini squats (120 degrees knee extension), mini squat on the fingertip (120 degrees knee extension), right and left lunge positions, which will be accepted as 180 degrees full knee extension exercise protocol. During the squat exercises, the patient will be positioned with their feet open at shoulder level and the knee flexion angle will be adjusted with a goniometer by the physiotherapist before each training session. For static exercises, the duration will be 3 sets of 30-60 seconds in each practice position. There will be 30-60 second rest breaks between sets.

OTHER

Strengthening exercise

The exercises will be performed on the vibration platform but without vibration. Patients will be asked to hold a "body bar" corresponding to 10% of their body weight during exercises. 5 dynamics including squats (in 90 degrees knee extension), mini squats (120 degrees knee extension), mini squats on the toe tip (120 degrees knee extension), right and left lunge exercises, which will be accepted as 180 degrees full knee extension will perform an exercise protocol consisting of exercise. During the squat exercises, the patient will be positioned with their feet open at shoulder level and the knee flexion angle will be adjusted with a goniometer by the physiotherapist before each training session. For dynamic exercise, the duration will be 3 sets of 10 repetitions. Dynamic exercises will be performed with slow and controlled movements, consisting of 3 seconds of eccentric and 2 seconds of concentric phases.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Health Institutes of Turkey

  collaborator OTHER_GOV

• Suleyman Demirel University

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

30 Years

Max Age

59 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2023-02-10

Primary Completion

2024-02-15

Completion

2024-03-15

Countries

• Turkey (Türkiye)

Study Locations