Improving Vocational Outcomes of Veterans With Psychiatric Disorders: Career Counseling & Development

Summary

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) offers robust vocational programming that have helped countless Veterans obtain competitive employment; however, these services are not uniformly effective as recent data suggests that only 35 to 43% of Veterans are competitively employed at time of discharge. For those who become competitively employed, job tenure may be brief, which is often attenuated by underemployment or poor person-job fit. Moreover, only 3.5% of Veterans experiencing vocational problems engage in vocational services offered by the VHA. On average, it takes Veterans more than four years to utilize vocational services. These Veterans are at high risk of acquiring multiple functional losses and developing chronic disabilities as their vocational needs go unmet for years.

Research suggests that intrinsic factors like lacking clear vocational goals, perceiving barriers to employment, and negative beliefs about one's ability to work contribute to low engagement, outcomes, and tenure of some consumers of vocational rehabilitation services. Thus, the VA may be able to improve vocational engagement, outcomes, and tenure of Veterans with psychiatric disorders by enhancing vocational services with added interventions targeting unhelpful psychological factors. Career counseling and development services have been shown to be effective in helping civilian populations clarify vocational goals and identity, enhance vocational self-efficacy, and increase proactive vocational behaviors in the face of obstacles. Additionally, career counseling and development services help facilitate greater "match" between a person and their job, and person-job match is a key determinant of long-term career tenure among individual with psychiatric disorders.

The researchers of this project propose a three-aim study to develop a career counseling and development intervention for Veterans with psychiatric disorders (Purposeful Pathways). The first aim will focus on the design and development of the Purposeful Pathways intervention with veteran and provider input (n=16). The second aim will pilot test the intervention in an open trial (n=10) to gather Veteran input on the initial intervention. The third and final aim will consist of a feasibility pilot randomized controlled trial (n=50) to examine acceptability and feasibility outcomes and to explore the impact of the Purposeful Pathways intervention in terms of functional improvement and other vocational outcomes. Purposeful Pathways consists of up to 12 individual sessions that will be offered concurrently with existing VHA vocational rehabilitation services, (e.g., transitional work experience \[TWE\]). The final product of this study is to produce a manual of Purposeful Pathways, and corresponding fidelity monitoring checklist, to be tested later in a larger efficacy trial.

Conditions

• Unemployment

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

Purposeful Pathways

Purposeful Pathways is a manualized intervention to assist veterans in aspiring and pursuing meaningful employment. Purposeful Pathways is an individual counseling protocol delivered weekly for up to 12 sessions (50 minutes per session) focused on career exploration, goal clarity, job-searching, and self-regulation.

BEHAVIORAL

Transitional Work Experience

Provides Veterans with immediate access to a non-competitive, paid job contracted by the VA. Positions are typically housed within a VA hospital (e.g., housekeeping, grounds, kitchens, and construction), but are sometimes located in the community. TWE is time-limited. TWE is staffed by vocational rehabilitation specialists (VRS).

Sponsors & Collaborators

• VA Office of Research and Development

  lead FED

Principal Investigators

• Brian J Stevenson, PhD · VA Bedford HealthCare System, Bedford, MA

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2021-04-01

Primary Completion

2025-09-30

Completion

2026-03-31

Countries

• United States

Study Locations