Racial Differences in Circadian and Sleep Mechanisms for Nicotine Dependence, Craving, and Withdrawal

Summary

The number one preventable cause of death in the world is tobacco use. Cigarette smoking in particular, costs an estimated $300 billion due to expenses related to medical care and lost productivity. Despite similar smoking prevalence rates, blacks suffer disproportionately from smoking-related harms compared to whites.Sleep disparities such as shortened sleep duration, shorter circadian periodicity, earlier chronotype, and increased variability of sleep timing have been reported more frequently in blacks compared to whites. Given that poor sleep quality predicts relapse from smoking cessation programs, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged adults, sleep deficiencies and irregular timing of sleep may impact smoking craving and withdrawal symptoms over the course of the 24-hour day. Surprisingly, few studies have examined these temporal patterns of smoking and craving, and none with regard to sleep disruption, chronotype or racial disparities. A better understanding of these factors may explain heterogeneity within the smoking population, especially in minorities. Thus, the purpose of this proposal is to test the central hypothesis that the impact of chronotype and impaired sleep on cigarette usage as well as smoking dependence, urge/craving, and withdrawal depends on race.

Conditions

• Smoking
• Sleep Disturbance
• Nicotine Dependence

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

Sleep restriction condition

On day 1, participants will complete study assessments and will be fitted with an Actiwatch and instructed to continue a fixed time in bed (8 hours duration with no more than 20 min deviation) centered on habitual sleep (e.g., 11:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.). Naps will not be allowed. Following the one-week baseline sleep stabilization, participants will engage in the sleep restriction condition (4 hours, TIB \[Time in Bed\]; 1:00 a.m. to 5:00 a.m.). On the day of each sleep study, participants will be admitted to University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB) Highlands Hospital sleep unit at 7:00 p.m. and do an initial CO breathe test and fill out study questionnaires and a timeline follow-back procedure Participants will monitored for smoking withdrawal. Every 2 hours, participants to fill out various questionnaires. Participants will repeat the same conditions as the first night. After a two-week washout, participants will be crossed over to the alternate sleep extension/restriction condition.

BEHAVIORAL

Sleep extension condition

sleep extension On day 1, participants will complete study assessments and will be fitted with an Actiwatch and instructed to continue a fixed time in bed (8 hours duration with no more than 20 min deviation) centered on habitual sleep (e.g., 11:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.). Naps will not be allowed. Following the one-week baseline sleep stabilization, participants will engage in the sleep extension condition (10 hours, (TIB); 10:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m.). On the day of each sleep study, participants will be admitted to University of Alabama Birmingham Highlands Hospital sleep unit at 7:00 p.m. and do an initial CO breathe test and fill out study questionnaires and a timeline follow-back procedure Participants will monitored for smoking withdrawal. Every 2 hours, participants to fill out various questionnaires. Participants will repeat the same conditions as the first night. After a two-week washout, participants will be crossed over to the alternate sleep extension/restriction condition.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Oklahoma

  collaborator OTHER

• National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

  collaborator NIH

• University of Alabama at Birmingham

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Karen L Cropsey, Psy.D. · University of Alabama at Birmingham

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Model

CROSSOVER

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2021-01-01

Primary Completion

2025-04-01

Completion

2026-08-01

Countries

• United States

Study Locations