Association Between Intakes of Protein, Calcium and Milk With Gene Expression and Linear Growth of School Aged Children

Summary

Protein is one type of nutrients known as the cause of stunting in developing countries since the mid-1970s (1) but then less attention on protein intake with the assumption that protein intake is sufficient. Compilation of published and non-published dietary intake research among Indonesian children aged 3-12 years (2), 0-18 years old (3) and 1-3 years old (3) found that protein intake among Indonesian children was sufficient (4). This finding is also confirmed by some other studies in 6 low-income countries and lead to the conclusion that growth restriction is not due to protein deficiency (5). Since then, micronutrient received main attention for the past 4 decades (1) to improve the health and survival of young children in developing countries. Issues on the need to re-examined protein recently emerge after the paper of Semba (1,6) regarding the low circulating amino acid among stunted children. It was hypothesized that the correlation between the low level of circulating amino acid with linear growth was through the mechanism of rapamycin complex C1 (mTORC1) and general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) pathway that contributes in the synthesis of sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids (6). However, the mechanism on how amino acid link to linear growth remains unclear.

Fortification among Asian children revealed that only milk as food vehicles reported a significant effect on linear growth (2). It is likely that the effect on linear growth is influenced not only on micronutrient content of the fortified foods but also on protein and amino acid profiles of milk as the food vehicle.

Conditions

• Nutritional Stunting
• Nutritional Anemia
• Nutritional Deficiency
• Nutrigenetic
• Nutrigenomic
• Linear Programming
• Food Based Recommendation

Interventions

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Milk supplementation

Fresh milk from local farmer. No artificial sweetener and preservatives. Brandless.

OTHER

Food Based Recommendation (FBR) nutrition education

Food Based Recommendation is result of OPTIFOOD WHO that analysed local food to optimize nutritional status according to problem nutrient.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia

  collaborator UNKNOWN

• University of Brawijaya

  collaborator OTHER

• SEAMEO Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Umi Fahmida Fahmida, Dr · SEAMEO RECFON

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

SINGLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

8 Years

Max Age

10 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2018-01-24

Primary Completion

2019-06-15

Completion

2019-06-30

Countries

• Indonesia

Study Locations