Optimized Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Radical Cystectomy

Summary

Cystectomy with urinary diversion (ileal conduit, orthotopic ileal bladder substitute, continent catheterizable pouch) is the best treatment option for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This intervention is one of the most challenging in urology and has a high rate of postoperative complications including around 30% of postoperative infections.

Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) is widely accepted as a crucial preventive measure to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI). The rationale for PAP is the reduction of the local bacterial load at the site and time of intervention, and therefore a short duration of PAP of 24 to maximal 48 hours is recommended for all clean to clean-contaminated procedures..

Evidence supporting the optimal duration of PAP for radical cystectomy with urinary diversion is lacking. Based on data extrapolated from abdominal surgery, current guidelines recommend short-term PAP (≤24h) for all clean-contaminated procedures including radical cystectomy.

However, a recent evaluation revealed a significant inter-hospital variability of PAP and showed that extended use (\>48h) was common in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Importantly, this study also demonstrated that longer duration of PAP incurred higher costs and was associated with an increased rate of C. difficile colitis. A small, prospective, non-randomized study showed equal efficacy of short-term PAP in preventing postoperative infections in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with ileum conduit compared to extended PAP. Nonetheless, larger randomized clinical trials supporting these findings are lacking.

The unwarranted extended use of antibiotics is a major concern as exposure to antibiotics is a driving force for the development of (multi-) resistant bacteria and will lead to an increasing number of difficult-to-treat infections. This has been recognized on both national and international levels and is addressed within antimicrobial stewardship frameworks.

This study will compare current practice (\>48h PAP, "extended PAP") with the guideline recommended approach (24h PAP, "short term PAP") in a single-centre, prospective, randomised clinical non-inferiority trial. The primary outcome is the rate of SSI within 90 days post surgery. The aim of the study is to generate currently lacking evidence allowing for an optimised PAP strategy in a challenging surgical setting.

Conditions

• Radical Cystectomy
• Surgical Site Infection
• Urologic Cancer
• Perioperative/Postoperative Complications
• Antibiotic Resistant Infection
• Antibiotic Side Effect
• Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea

Interventions

OTHER

Short PAP

Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for 24h

OTHER

Extended PAP

Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for \>48h

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Maria C Thurnheer, MD · Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2018-04-09

Primary Completion

2024-02-28

Completion

2024-02-28

Countries

• Switzerland

Study Locations