Trial Outcomes & Findings for Smoker-to-Smoker (S2S) Peer Marketing and Messaging to Disseminate Tobacco Interventions (NCT NCT03224520)

Last Updated: 2021-03-26

Results Overview

Smoking cessation measured by the 7-day point prevalence question: Six month, 7-day point prevalence : Do you currently smoke cigarettes (smoked even 1 puff in the last 7 days)? * Yes * No * Don't know/not sure * Refused

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

1487 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

At 6 months post registration

Results posted on

2021-03-26

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Fully Enhanced Peer recruitment and recommender CTHC Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Recommender CTHC Only Recommender CTHC and standard online recruitment Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements	Peer Recruitment Only Peer recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Standard Standard online recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements
Overall Study STARTED	371	370	374	372
Overall Study COMPLETED	205	207	190	199
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	166	163	184	173

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Smoker-to-Smoker (S2S) Peer Marketing and Messaging to Disseminate Tobacco Interventions

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Fully Enhanced n=371 Participants Peer recruitment and recommender CTHC Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Recommender CTHC Only n=370 Participants Recommender CTHC and standard online recruitment Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements	Peer Recruitment Only n=374 Participants Peer recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Standard n=372 Participants Standard online recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements	Total n=1487 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants n=99 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	0 Participants n=206 Participants	0 Participants n=157 Participants	0 Participants n=390 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	338 Participants n=99 Participants	342 Participants n=107 Participants	337 Participants n=206 Participants	343 Participants n=157 Participants	1360 Participants n=390 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	33 Participants n=99 Participants	28 Participants n=107 Participants	37 Participants n=206 Participants	29 Participants n=157 Participants	127 Participants n=390 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	259 Participants n=99 Participants	281 Participants n=107 Participants	270 Participants n=206 Participants	291 Participants n=157 Participants	1101 Participants n=390 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	112 Participants n=99 Participants	89 Participants n=107 Participants	104 Participants n=206 Participants	81 Participants n=157 Participants	386 Participants n=390 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	22 Participants n=99 Participants	22 Participants n=107 Participants	27 Participants n=206 Participants	35 Participants n=157 Participants	106 Participants n=390 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	332 Participants n=99 Participants	327 Participants n=107 Participants	320 Participants n=206 Participants	312 Participants n=157 Participants	1291 Participants n=390 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	17 Participants n=99 Participants	21 Participants n=107 Participants	27 Participants n=206 Participants	25 Participants n=157 Participants	90 Participants n=390 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	1 Participants n=99 Participants	2 Participants n=107 Participants	4 Participants n=206 Participants	5 Participants n=157 Participants	12 Participants n=390 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	6 Participants n=99 Participants	5 Participants n=107 Participants	7 Participants n=206 Participants	7 Participants n=157 Participants	25 Participants n=390 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	2 Participants n=99 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	2 Participants n=206 Participants	0 Participants n=157 Participants	4 Participants n=390 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	43 Participants n=99 Participants	42 Participants n=107 Participants	37 Participants n=206 Participants	38 Participants n=157 Participants	160 Participants n=390 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	295 Participants n=99 Participants	293 Participants n=107 Participants	288 Participants n=206 Participants	291 Participants n=157 Participants	1167 Participants n=390 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	11 Participants n=99 Participants	12 Participants n=107 Participants	16 Participants n=206 Participants	15 Participants n=157 Participants	54 Participants n=390 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	13 Participants n=99 Participants	16 Participants n=107 Participants	20 Participants n=206 Participants	16 Participants n=157 Participants	65 Participants n=390 Participants
Number of Cigarettes Smoked per day 0	14 Participants n=99 Participants	12 Participants n=107 Participants	18 Participants n=206 Participants	16 Participants n=157 Participants	60 Participants n=390 Participants
Number of Cigarettes Smoked per day >0 & <=10 Cigarettes	121 Participants n=99 Participants	112 Participants n=107 Participants	117 Participants n=206 Participants	108 Participants n=157 Participants	458 Participants n=390 Participants
Number of Cigarettes Smoked per day >10 & <=20 Cigarettes	171 Participants n=99 Participants	163 Participants n=107 Participants	167 Participants n=206 Participants	162 Participants n=157 Participants	663 Participants n=390 Participants
Number of Cigarettes Smoked per day >20 Cigarettes	65 Participants n=99 Participants	83 Participants n=107 Participants	72 Participants n=206 Participants	86 Participants n=157 Participants	306 Participants n=390 Participants
Smoking Status Already quit	48 Participants n=99 Participants	56 Participants n=107 Participants	61 Participants n=206 Participants	67 Participants n=157 Participants	232 Participants n=390 Participants
Smoking Status Thinking about quitting	303 Participants n=99 Participants	299 Participants n=107 Participants	294 Participants n=206 Participants	286 Participants n=157 Participants	1182 Participants n=390 Participants
Smoking Status Not thinking about quitting	17 Participants n=99 Participants	10 Participants n=107 Participants	17 Participants n=206 Participants	18 Participants n=157 Participants	62 Participants n=390 Participants
Smoking Status Missing	3 Participants n=99 Participants	5 Participants n=107 Participants	2 Participants n=206 Participants	1 Participants n=157 Participants	11 Participants n=390 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: At 6 months post registration

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Fully Enhanced n=205 Participants Peer recruitment and recommender CTHC Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Recommender CTHC Only n=207 Participants Recommender CTHC and standard online recruitment Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements	Peer Recruitment Only n=190 Participants Peer recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Standard n=199 Participants Standard online recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements
Smoking Cessation Haven't smoked in last 7 days	89 Participants	57 Participants	88 Participants	68 Participants
Smoking Cessation Smoked in the last 7 days	116 Participants	150 Participants	102 Participants	131 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At 6 months post registration

Calculated as: number of cigarettes smoked at six months minus the number of number of cigarettes smoked at baseline.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Fully Enhanced n=371 Participants Peer recruitment and recommender CTHC Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Recommender CTHC Only n=370 Participants Recommender CTHC and standard online recruitment Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements	Peer Recruitment Only n=374 Participants Peer recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Standard n=372 Participants Standard online recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements
Change in the Number of Cigarettes Smoked	-9.60 cigarettes a day Standard Deviation 10.81	-7.95 cigarettes a day Standard Deviation 10.15	-10.63 cigarettes a day Standard Deviation 9.99	-9.08 cigarettes a day Standard Deviation 11.41

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Throughout study (tracked for 6 months post registration)

Population: Analysis population limited to participants who visited Decide2Quit more than one time.

As measured by, an ordinal scale of number of Decide2Quit functions used after the first DISC visit (0: no functions used; 1: use of 1-2 functions, 2: \> 2 functions used).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Fully Enhanced n=231 Participants Peer recruitment and recommender CTHC Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Recommender CTHC Only n=228 Participants Recommender CTHC and standard online recruitment Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements	Peer Recruitment Only n=251 Participants Peer recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Standard n=250 Participants Standard online recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements
Repeated Use of Decide2Quit Functions No Use	173 Participants	159 Participants	171 Participants	157 Participants
Repeated Use of Decide2Quit Functions 1 or 2 Functions Used	24 Participants	24 Participants	26 Participants	34 Participants
Repeated Use of Decide2Quit Functions Greater than 2 Functions Used	34 Participants	45 Participants	54 Participants	59 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At Baseline Registration

This is measured by the proportion of African Americans in each treatment arm

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Fully Enhanced n=371 Participants Peer recruitment and recommender CTHC Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Recommender CTHC Only n=370 Participants Recommender CTHC and standard online recruitment Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements	Peer Recruitment Only n=374 Participants Peer recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Standard n=372 Participants Standard online recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements
Recruitment of African Americans	49 Participants	49 Participants	47 Participants	44 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At Baseline Registration

Calculated as: each individual participant's recruitment date minus the date of the first participant's registration. Based on this formula, the first participant will have a recruitment time of 0 days and the last participant could have a maximum recruitment time of 3 years (1095 days).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Fully Enhanced n=371 Participants Peer recruitment and recommender CTHC Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Recommender CTHC Only n=369 Participants Recommender CTHC and standard online recruitment Recommender CTHC: Enhanced Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements	Peer Recruitment Only n=373 Participants Peer recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Peer Recruitment: Tools to facilitate smokers' recruiting their peers	Standard n=371 Participants Standard online recruitment and standard CTHC Standard CTHC: Standard Messaging Standard Online Recruitment: Search Engine and Social Media Advertisements
Recruitment Time	377.22 days Standard Deviation 135.80	379.29 days Standard Deviation 133.32	383.98 days Standard Deviation 136.84	367.28 days Standard Deviation 134.17

Adverse Events

Fully Enhanced

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Recommender CTHC Only

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Peer Recruitment Only

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Standard

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Rajani Sadasivam

University of Massachusetts Medical School

Phone: 508-856-8923

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place