Effect of Different Exercises on Musculoskeletal Pain,Glucose Level and Quality of Life Among Patients With Diabetes

Summary

Background. Diabetes is a global epidemic disease. The prevalence of diabetes for all age groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and is predicted to affect 4.4% by 2030. The global prevalence of diabetics is currently estimated to be 285 million and projection rates are expected to rise to over 438 million by the year 2030, with Asians suffering the bulk of the total diabetes epidemic.

The incidence of chronic diseases of lifestyle such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is on the increase amongst the South African population. Due to the numerous factors such as lack of education, inaccessibility of healthcare facilities and/or poor socio-economic background, diabetes mellitus often goes undetected in rural areas, resulting in an increase in musculoskeletal complication and other diabetes mellitus complications. Inability to control blood sugar may induce serious complications such as renal disease, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and vascular events. Due to its multi-systemic nature, diabetes will lead to the development of additional manifestations such as musculoskeletal complications, reduces respiratory capacity, depression and poor quality of life.

Studies have shown that both exercises and pharmacotherapy can decreases depression and improved glycemic control and overall quality of life of persons with diabetes. Thus, in addition improve the quality of life and substantial financial savings and improved medical care of these individuals.

Hypothesis

1. There will be no statistical significant difference in glycemic control, cholesterol level, respiratory parameters, pain scores, depression and quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients at the baseline and at the end of 8 weeks of rebound exercises.
2. There will be no statistical significant difference in glycemic control, cholesterol level, respiratory parameters, pain scores, depression and quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients at the baseline and at the end of 8 weeks of circuit resistance training.
3. There will be no statistical significant difference in glycemic control, cholesterol level, respiratory parameters, pain scores, depression and quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients at the baseline and at the end of 8 weeks of routine care.
4. There will be no statistical significant difference in glycemic control, cholesterol level, respiratory parameters, pain scores, depression and quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients between the rebound exercises group, circuit training and routine care at the baseline.
5. There will be no statistical significant difference in glycemic control, cholesterol level, respiratory parameters, pain scores, depression and quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients between the rebound exercises group, circuit training and routine care at the end of 8 week of the programme.

Summary of the proposed research methodology. The participants will be randomised into three groups. The first group will be engaged in rebound exercise, the second group will be engaged in circuit training while the third group will continue with their normal care of medication. But before the commencement of the study, pilot study will be conducted on normal subjects. Measurement will be carried out at the baseline, four weeks and at the end of the programme, 'The following parameters will be measured. Pain level, blood glycemic level of each participant, cholesterol level, depression and quality of life.

Conditions

• Diabetes

Interventions

OTHER

Rebound exercise

Each participant will undergo 3 sessions a week for 8 weeks with each session lasting 20 minutes. Bouncing frequency will be determined by signals from an metronom and will be set at between 90 and 120 bounces per minute. Heart rate training zone will be maintained, during the exercise, at moderate intensity of 40-60% and will be calculated using the Karvonen formula (\[Heart rate reserve x training percentage\] + resting heart rate)(Nuhu \& Maharaj, 2017). The exercise will involve bouncing on the center portion of the mini trampoline (Portable 2013 Model Half-Fold Cellerciser with feet slightly apart and knees in full extension. Each foot strike equaled one step or bounce with step height, this will be defined as the distance between the foot at maximum height of jump and the bed of the center of the trampoline ranging between 10 and 15 cm (Nuhu \& Maharaj, 2017).

OTHER

Circuit training exercise

Participants will be instructed to exhale while lifting a weight and inhale while lowering it, to minimize blood pressure excursions, and to rest for 2 to 3 minutes between sets. Participants will perform 1 set per resistance exercise three time weekly for the first 2 weeks and 4 sets of each resistance exercise three time weekly during weeks 3 and 4. Resistance will be increase by 5 to 10 kg when the participant could perform more than 15 repetitions while maintaining proper form. All aerobic activities of the circuit training will be performed on a cycle ergometer or treadmill. Participants are free to vary the machine used from one visit to the next. Exercise intensity will be standardized by using heart rate monitors (Polar Electro Oy) that will display the participant's heart rate and emitted a warning signal when the heart rate was outside the prescribed training zone, thus guiding the participant in adjusting the workload up or down to achieve the desired intensity.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of KwaZulu

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

SINGLE

Model

FACTORIAL

Eligibility

Min Age

20 Years

Max Age

55 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2018-03-15

Primary Completion

2018-11-20

Completion

2019-02-20

Countries

• Nigeria

Study Locations