Trial Outcomes & Findings for Reliability of Pupil Response to Acute Pain (NCT NCT02628314)

NCT ID: NCT02628314

Last Updated: 2026-07-31

Results Overview

pupil diameter in response to 5 second presentation of noxious heat stimuli

Recruitment status

TERMINATED

Target enrollment

20 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

8 weeks

Results posted on

2026-07-31

Participant Flow

This was an observational study without assignment to arms or groups.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Osteoarthritis
Study population is adult men and women with osteoarthritis.
Overall Study
STARTED
20
Overall Study
COMPLETED
20
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Reliability of Pupil Response to Acute Pain

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Osteoarthritis
n=20 Participants
Study population to include adult men and women with osteoarthritis.
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
20 Participants
n=9 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Age, Continuous
55 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.8 • n=9 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
14 Participants
n=9 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
6 Participants
n=9 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
20 Participants
n=9 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
1 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
19 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
20 participants
n=9 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 8 weeks

Population: Calibration of the visual field using a routine in the software was not performed prior to measuring pupil diameter. Without these calibration data, pupil measurement images cannot be corrected for distortion due to gaze diverging from the center of the screen. This renders the "raw" measures of pupil diameter inaccurate. It is not possible to mathematically correct for this without calibration data.

pupil diameter in response to 5 second presentation of noxious heat stimuli

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 1

Participants rated their pain intensity during 5 seconds of heating the skin surface to 50 degrees. They used a scale of 0-100, with 0 being no pain at all and 100 being the worst pain imaginable. The heat was applied 5 times over 7.5 minutes and these 6 scores were averaged as their individual score.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Osteoarthritis
n=20 Participants
Study population is adult men and women with osteoarthritis.
Pain Score on Visit 1
47.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.4

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 2

Participants rated their pain intensity during 5 seconds of heating the skin surface to 50 degrees. They used a scale of 0-100, with 0 being no pain at all and 100 being the worst pain imaginable. The heat was applied 5 times over 7.5 minutes and these 6 scores were averaged as their individual score.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Osteoarthritis
n=20 Participants
Study population is adult men and women with osteoarthritis.
Pain Score on Visit 2
39.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.4

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Month 1

Participants rated their pain intensity during 5 seconds of heating the skin surface to 50 degrees. They used a scale of 0-100, with 0 being no pain at all and 100 being the worst pain imaginable. The heat was applied 5 times over 7.5 minutes and these 6 scores were averaged as their individual score.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Osteoarthritis
n=20 Participants
Study population is adult men and women with osteoarthritis.
Pain Score on Visit 3
40.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Month 2

Participants rated their pain intensity during 5 seconds of heating the skin surface to 50 degrees. They used a scale of 0-100, with 0 being no pain at all and 100 being the worst pain imaginable. The heat was applied 5 times over 7.5 minutes and these 6 scores were averaged as their individual score.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Osteoarthritis
n=20 Participants
Study population is adult men and women with osteoarthritis.
Pain Score on Visit 4
35.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.9

Adverse Events

Osteoarthritis

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. James C. Eisenach

Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Phone: 336-716-4182

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place