Diagnostic Biomarkers Related to Periodontal Disease Activity in Diabetic

Summary

The purpose of the study was to monitor the activity of periodontal disease and suggest potential biomarkers related to active periodontal disease in patients with chronic periodontitis (PD) associated or not with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), based on the evaluation of the profile of gene expression of periodontal sites and the evaluation of inflammatory salivary proteins. Two hundred and five periodontal patients were enrolled, but only 41 exhibited ≥ 1 mm attachment loss in at least three periodontal site (active sites) 2 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy. The final sample was: 21 patients with chronic periodontitis (PD group) and 20 with chronic periodontitis and diabetes (PD+DM group). Fifteen periodontal- and systemically healthy patients were included as control group. Saliva collection, glycated hemoglobin measurement, periodontal examination and radiographs were conducted before and 2 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Radiographic subtraction was performed from pairs of the radiographs. Measurements of the areas with density loss were recorded. Gingival biopsies of active and non-active sites with similar clinical parameters were harvested for Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Array gene expression analysis. Saliva samples were analyzed by Multiplex Cytokine Profiling Immunoassay for analysis of protein expression. The clinical attachment loss mean was higher in the PD+DM group (p\<0.05). There was a high correlation between clinical attachment loss and darkened radiographic areas in active sites of the PD group and PD+DM group. When compared PD group to PD+DM, patients with diabetes had an up-regulated profile. Active sites of the PD group showed nine genes (specific chemokines, interleukins and receptors) differentially expressed with an up-regulated profile. Active sites of the PD+DM group showed six genes (specific chemokines, interleukins and receptors) differentially expressed with an up-regulated profile. After periodontal therapy, there was a reduction of some salivary proteins in both periodontal groups, but not significant. In conclusion, it was possible to identify genes differentially expressed in active sites from both groups, which may be considered useful in indicating potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis; salivary proteins show a trend in distinguishing the standard of health and disease and may be used in the future as potential biomarkers of periodontitis with or without diabetes.

Conditions

• Periodontitis
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Interventions

DRUG

non-surgical periodontal therapy + systemic doxycycline

A program of plaque control with dental prophylaxis and oral hygiene instruction, and the scaling and root planning sessions were included in the non-surgical periodontal therapy. The scaling and root planning was performed by the same operator using curettes and an ultrasonic device, and it was inspected for a second operator. Oral hygiene was reviewed after a week and after a month of periodontal disinfection, followed by dental prophylaxis. Non-surgical periodontal therapy was associated with systemic doxycycline 100 mg/day, for two weeks after an initial dose of 200 mg, started on the day before the first scaling and root planning session. Patients of the PD group had no access to information about antibiotics administration to patients of the PD+DM group.

PROCEDURE

Non-surgical periodontal therapy

A program of plaque control with dental prophylaxis and oral hygiene instruction, and the scaling and root planning sessions were included in the non-surgical periodontal therapy. The scaling and root planning was performed by the same operator using curettes and an ultrasonic device, and it was inspected for a second operator. Oral hygiene was reviewed after a week and after a month of periodontal disinfection, followed by dental prophylaxis.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

  collaborator OTHER_GOV

• University of Sao Paulo

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Priscila P Costa, PhD · Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology - Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo

Study Design

Allocation

NON_RANDOMIZED

Purpose

DIAGNOSTIC

Masking

SINGLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

35 Years

Max Age

65 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2009-03-31

Primary Completion

2011-09-30

Completion

2012-06-30

Countries

• Brazil

Study Locations