A Trial of Incentives and Peer Mentors to Improve Diabetic Outcomes

Summary

In recent years, social networks have garnered attention in both academic journals and the lay press because of strong associations demonstrated in retrospective studies between social networks and incidence of major health problems such as obesity and smoking. Financial incentives have also been demonstrated to improve health behaviors in obesity, smoking, and medication adherence. We propose to conduct a randomized controlled trial among a predominantly African American population with persistently poor diabetes mellitus (DM) control to examine whether two novel interventions, lottery based financial incentives and telephone based one-on-one peer mentoring (the 'buddy system'), can significantly ameliorate disparities in poor DM control.

The intervention is based on epidemiologic evidence, randomized controlled trials, and pilot studies demonstrating: 1) Lottery based financial incentives are a powerful motivator of behavior change; 2) One-on-one peer mentoring is a flexible, cost-efficient means of increasing DM specific social support and may be particularly salient in minority communities; and 3) Matching patients with poorly controlled DM with a similar individual from their community who has gained control of their DM draws on existing community assets in creating an inherently culturally competent intervention. DM patients with poor DM control will be randomized to 1 of 4 arms: usual care; telephone based one-on-one peer mentoring; lottery based financial incentives; and peer mentoring plus financial incentives.

The Specific Aims are to test: 1) The effectiveness of telephone based one-on-one peer mentoring in improving glycemic control relative to usual care; 2) The effectiveness of lottery based financial incentives in improving glycemic control relative to usual care; 3) The effectiveness of combining peer mentoring and financial incentives relative to control; and 4) The relative cost effectiveness of all four approaches. In exploratory analyses, we will examine whether African American patients enrolled in intervention arms have greater improvement in glycemic control than white patients, whether intervention group patients experience greater improvements in blood pressure (BP) and lipid control, and whether peer mentors experience improvements in their own health. We will pair mentors with mentees based on race, gender, age, and disease severity. The active intervention will be run for a 6-month time period, with participants followed for an additional 6 months to determine if effects persist post intervention.

The proposed interventions address multiple barriers to effective disease management common among patients with DM. If effective, these interventions could provide important models for improving glycemic control in general and, in particular, for addressing racial disparities in DM outcomes.

Conditions

• Diabetes Mellitus

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

Incentives

Incentives will be offered for checking blood glucose each morning and for control of blood glucose (between 80-140 mg/dL).

BEHAVIORAL

Education

Standard brochure about improving blood sugar control plus warnings about dangers of persistently high sugars and hypoglycemia

BEHAVIORAL

Peer mentoring

Participant is assigned a peer mentor who is matched on gender, race and age and who achieved good glucose control after previously having poor glucose control.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Michigan

  collaborator OTHER

• University of Pennsylvania

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Judith A. Long, MD · University of Pennsylvania

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

NONE

Model

FACTORIAL

Eligibility

Min Age

30 Years

Max Age

70 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2011-03-31

Primary Completion

2015-12-31

Completion

2016-12-31

Countries

• United States

Study Locations