Evaluation of the Public Health Impact of Seasonal Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) in Children in Senegal

Summary

In areas of seasonal malaria transmission the burden of severe disease and mortality due to malaria is mainly among children under 5 years of age. Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with antimalarial drugs given to all children once a month during the transmission season is a promising new strategy for malaria prevention. Studies in Senegal, Ghana, Mali and The Gambia have shown this approach can be highly effective. In Senegal, seasonal IPT with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and one dose of artesunate resulted in a 90% reduction in incidence of clinical malaria in a recent trial in Senegal (Cisse et al., Lancet 2006). The purpose of the present project is to determine the public health impact and cost effectiveness of this intervention when it is delivered through the routine health service to communities in rural areas in Senegal. Demographic surveillance will be set up in the rural population of three districts (Mbour, Bambey and Fatick) which comprises approximately 540,000 people, including 100,000 children under 5 yrs, and is served by 54 health posts, as an expansion of the area covered by the existing DSS of Niakhar. Information about births, deaths and migrations, household characteristics such as socioeconomic status, and vaccination status of children and their use of bednets, will be recorded in 6-monthly rounds of all households. In selected areas, deaths among children under 10 years will be investigated using verbal autopsies. Over four years from September 2008 - November 2011, seasonal IPT (three monthly administrations of SP (sulfalene-pyrimethamine) plus amodiaquine during the transmission season each year to children 3-59 months of age) will be introduced gradually, in a step-wedge design, by 9 health posts in 2008, by an additional 18 posts in 2009, and another 18 in 2010 and 9 in 2011. At the end of each transmission season, a cross-sectional survey of 2400 children under 5 yrs of age, in which finger prick blood samples will be taken, will be used to estimate the prevalence of molecular markers of drug resistance to Plasmodium falciparum, the prevalence of anaemia and the nutritional status of children. Malaria incidence will be monitored by passive surveillance through health posts, health centres, and hospitals. Cost effectiveness will be assessed. Due to changes in the epidemiology of malaria in the study area, the upper age limit for inclusion was increased from 5 to 10 years old from September 2009.

Conditions

• Malaria

Interventions

DRUG

sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine

SP+AQ on three occasions during the malaria transmission season Intermittent Preventive Treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Senegal: Ministere de la Sante

  collaborator UNKNOWN

• Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement

  collaborator OTHER_GOV

• Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal

  collaborator OTHER

• London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Oumar Gaye, PhD · Universite CHeikh Anta Diop

• Badara Cisse, PhD · London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

• Cheikh Sokhna, PhD · IRD, Dakar

• Oumar Faye, MD · Ministere de la Sante et de la Prevention

• Paul Milligan, PhD · London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

NONE

Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Eligibility

Min Age

3 Months

Max Age

119 Months

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2008-09-30

Primary Completion

2011-12-31

Completion

2012-07-31