Effect of Pursed-Lip Breathing With Different I:E Ratios on Respiratory Outcomes in COPD Patients

Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether different inspiratory-expiratory (I:E) ratios in the pursed-lip breathing (PLB) technique can improve respiratory outcomes in patients with stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) aged 40 years and older. The primary purpose is to determine whether a specific breathing intervention can improve respiratory function.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

Does PLB with different I:E ratios (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) reduce respiratory rate in COPD patients? Does PLB with different I:E ratios improve oxygen saturation and reduce dyspnea severity?

Researchers will compare PLB with I:E ratios of 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 and a control group receiving standard care to see if different ratios produce different effects on respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and dyspnea levels.

Participants will:

Perform pursed-lip breathing using assigned I:E ratios (1:3, 1:4, or 1:5) for 10 minutes Be assigned to either an intervention group or a control group (standard care) Have their respiratory rate measured before and after the intervention Have their oxygen saturation measured using a pulse oximeter Report their dyspnea level using the Modified Borg Scale before and after the intervention

Conditions

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Interventions

OTHER

Participants perform PLB with inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:3 (2 seconds inspiration, 6 seconds expiration)

Participants will be allocated into four study arms: three intervention groups and one control group. Intervention Groups (PLB with Different I:E Ratios): Participants in the intervention arms will perform Pursed-Lip Breathing (PLB) with specific inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ratios as follows: Group 1: I:E ratio 1:3 (2 seconds inspiration, 6 seconds expiration) The procedure will be conducted in a seated position (high Fowler's position). Participants will be instructed to inhale slowly through the nose and exhale through pursed lips according to the assigned ratio. A metronome will be used to standardize breathing timing. Each session will last approximately 10 minutes and will be supervised by the researcher to ensure correct technique and safety. stru

OTHER

Participants perform PLB with inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:4 (2 seconds inspiration, 8 seconds expiration)

Participants will be allocated into four study arms: three intervention groups and one control group. Intervention Groups (PLB with Different I:E Ratios): Participants in the intervention arms will perform Pursed-Lip Breathing (PLB) with specific inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ratios as follows: Group 2: I:E ratio 1:4 (2 seconds inspiration, 8 seconds expiration) The procedure will be conducted in a seated position (high Fowler's position). Participants will be instructed to inhale slowly through the nose and exhale through pursed lips according to the assigned ratio. A metronome will be used to standardize breathing timing. Each session will last approximately 10 minutes and will be supervised by the researcher to ensure correct technique and safety.

OTHER

Participants perform PLB with inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:5 (2 seconds inspiration, 10 seconds expiration)

Participants will be allocated into four study arms: three intervention groups and one control group. Intervention Groups (PLB with Different I:E Ratios): Participants in the intervention arms will perform Pursed-Lip Breathing (PLB) with specific inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ratios as follows: Group 3: I:E ratio 1:5 (2 seconds inspiration, 10 seconds expiration) The procedure will be conducted in a seated position (high Fowler's position). Participants will be instructed to inhale slowly through the nose and exhale through pursed lips according to the assigned ratio. A metronome will be used to standardize breathing timing. Each session will last approximately 10 minutes and will be supervised by the researcher to ensure correct technique and safety.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• STIKes Panti Rapih Yogyakarta

  collaborator OTHER

• Scholastica Fina Aryu Puspasari

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Scholastica FA Puspasari, Master · STIKes Panti Rapih Yogyakarta

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

DOUBLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

40 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2026-05-04

Primary Completion

2026-08-07

Completion

2026-08-14