Validating the Speckle Tracking Methods on Soft Tissue Strain, Displacement, and Roles in Physical Therapy

Summary

This three-year research project aims to test the hypothesis that strain and displacement characteristics of human soft tissues are influenced by (1) habitual physical activity, (2) functional impairment, and (3) training interventions. Over the three years, the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow, the ankle tendon, and the hamstring muscles will be investigated sequentially. Ultrasound speckle-tracking techniques will be employed to verify these hypotheses and to provide a basis for clinical risk assessment of injury, development of therapeutic strategies, and evaluation of rehabilitation outcomes.

In the first year, strain and displacement of the medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) in both longitudinal and transverse directions during passive isokinetic elbow valgus loading will be analyzed in baseball pitchers at high and low injury risk and in healthy controls. The results will be compared with ultrasonic shear-wave elastography. Participants will then undergo an 8-week low- to moderate-intensity blood-flow restriction resistance training program. This phase is expected to characterize ligament mechanical adaptations to long-term sports training, elucidate the relationship between such adaptations and injury risk, and evaluate the effects of resistance training on enhancing medial elbow joint stability.

In the second year, individuals with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and healthy controls will be examined. Longitudinal strain and displacement, as well as transverse rotation and displacement of the tibialis posterior tendon during active ankle movements will be quantified and compared with shear-wave elastography measurements. These results are expected to clarify the relationship between tendon strain-displacement behavior and tendon dysfunction, provide mechanistic insights into tendon pathology, and inform optimal therapeutic strategies.

In the third year, patients following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction will be investigated. Longitudinal strain and displacement of the hamstring graft donor site, specifically the semitendinosus muscle-tendon unit, following eccentric training will be assessed and compared with shear-wave elastography and electromyography. This phase is expected to characterize post-harvest semitendinosus muscle activity patterns and their associations with postoperative muscle strength deficits.

By integrating findings across the three phases, the anticipated clinical implications of this project include determining whether:

1. adaptive responses of ligaments to repetitive tensile loading during long-term sports participation (including strain behavior and mechanical properties) can serve as screening indicators for injury risk, and evaluating the effects of blood-flow restriction resistance training in these populations;
2. three-dimensional strain, displacement, and rotation of tendons in response to muscle contraction and joint motion are associated with tendon dysfunction; and
3. strain and displacement characteristics of the semitendinosus muscle (in relation to muscle recruitment) can be improved through postoperative functional training following its use as a graft source.

Conditions

• Ulnar Collateral Ligament Sprain
• Tibialis Posterior Dysfunction
• Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation
• Ultrasound Evaluation

Interventions

OTHER

blood flow restriction training

The investigators anticipate providing blood flow restriction training to the forearm flexor-pronator muscles of male collegiate baseball pitchers in study 1.

OTHER

nordic exercise training

The investigators anticipate providing Nordic hamstring exercise training to ACLR patients in study 3.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• National Taiwan University Hospital

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

SINGLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Max Age

65 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2026-03-31

Primary Completion

2027-03-31

Completion

2027-03-31

Countries

• Taiwan

Study Locations