Trial Outcomes & Findings for Empowering Preschool Children With Personal Safety Skills (NCT NCT07454538)

Children aged 4-5 years attending a state preschool in northern Turkey were screened for eligibility. Of the 150 children initially assessed, 40 three-year-olds were excluded. The remaining 110 children from six classes were assessed for participation. After applying the inclusion criteria and obtaining parental consent, eligible children were randomized within classes.

Because children within the same class interact closely, randomization was performed at the class level to prevent contamination. Each class included approximately 18-20 children. Using a random draw conducted by the preschool principal, two classes were assigned to the intervention group and two classes to the control group. Only participants with complete post-test data (n = 60) were included in the final analysis and reported in the results.

Unit of analysis: Classrooms

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Health Education Scale: Developed by Aydos (2013), this scale assesses preschool children's knowledge and skills in health education. The scale consists of six subscales: Personal Safety and First Aid (25 items, Cronbach's α = .945), Hygiene and Self-Care (26 items, α = .934), Nutrition (20 items, α = .936), Sleep (7 items, α = .885), Mental Health and Social Relationships (20 items, α = .934), and Neglect and Abuse (19 items, α = .941). All items are rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge and skills. In the present study, only the Personal Safety and First Aid Subscale (PSFAS) was used to assess children's personal safety knowledge and first aid skills. The PSFAS consists of 25 parent-reported items, and total scores range from 25 to 125. Higher scores indicate greater levels of personal safety and first-aid knowledge and skills. The primary outcome of the study was the change in children's personal safety knowledge and skills.