Progressive Resistance Exercise Versus Functional Training in Elderly With Risk of Fall.

Summary

Study Design: Randomized Clinical Trial Objective: To find the effects of Progressive Resistance Exercises for balance and risk of falls in elderly population.

To find the effects of Functional Training for balance and risk of falls in elderly population.

To compare the effects of Progressive Resistance Exercises and Functional Training for balance and risk of falls in elderly population.

Inclusion Criteria:

Both Males and Female Patients Patients Age 65 years or above Participants with intact cognitive function or mild cognitive impairment who can follow instructions and provide informed consent Individuals medically cleared by their physician to engage in moderate-intensity physical activities, with no unstable medical conditions that could impede participation Participants willing to commit to an 8-week intervention program (3 sessions per week) and attend follow-ups as required.

Exclusion Criteria:

Elderly individuals who are non-ambulatory or unable to perform basic mobility tasks, such as standing or walking independently, even with assistive devices.

Uncontrolled medical conditions such as uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina, or severe arrhythmias.

Participants with severe musculoskeletal conditions that significantly limit mobility or exercise participation (e.g., severe arthritis, recent fractures, or joint replacements within the last 6 months).

Presence of acute pain or injury that may worsen with physical activity. Individuals with progressive neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, stroke with severe residual deficits, or multiple sclerosis that impede safe participation in physical activities.

Group 1: Progressive Resistance Exercises Participants in the Progressive Resistance Training (PRT) group will engage in a structured exercise program designed to progressively increase muscle strength, balance, and overall physical function.

Group 2: Functional Training Participants in the Functional Training (FT) group will engage in exercises that mimic daily activities to improve balance, strength, mobility, and functional independence.

Conditions

• Elderly

Interventions

OTHER

Progressive Resistance Training

Intervention Protocol 1. Warm-Up (5 minutes) Gentle aerobic activities (marching in place, arm swings). Dynamic stretching to prepare muscles for resistance exercises. 2. Main Phase (35 minutes) Progressive resistance exercises targeting major muscle groups, applying the progressive overload principle (increasing resistance or repetitions biweekly). Exercises will include: o Lower body: Squats, seated leg press. o Upper body: Bicep curls, tricep extensions using dumbbells or resistance bands. o Core strengthening: Bridges. Focus on controlled movements and proper form to minimize injury risk. 19 3. Cooldown (5 minutes) Static stretching for major muscle groups to improve flexibility and promote recovery. (Coleman et al., 2021)

OTHER

Functional Training

1\. Warm-Up (5 minutes) Light walking in place, arm swings, and shoulder rolls to prepare the body. Dynamic stretching focusing on key muscle groups. 2. Main Phase (35 minutes) Exercises designed to enhance functional movements for daily activities: Sit-to-Stand (Chair Squats) - Strengthens legs and mimics standing up from a chair. Step-Ups - Improves leg strength and balance for climbing stairs. Heel-to-Toe Walk - Enhances balance and gait stability. Wall Push-Ups - Strengthens upper body for pushing movements. Bicep Curls with Resistance Bands - Improves arm strength for carrying objects. Ankle Circles - Enhances ankle mobility and balance. Progressive difficulty will be applied by increasing repetitions, reducing support, or adding light resistance. 3. Cooldown (5 minutes) 20 21 Gentle static stretching for major muscle groups. Breathing exercises for relaxation. (Ritterfeld et al., 2010)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Lahore

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

SINGLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

65 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2026-01-01

Primary Completion

2026-03-03

Completion

2026-03-10