Trial Outcomes & Findings for Effect of Joint Mobilization and Movement Control Exercises on Shoulder Pain and Function in Fast Bowlers (RCT) (NCT NCT07229274)
NCT ID: NCT07229274
Last Updated: 2026-08-10
Results Overview
Pain intensity will be evaluated using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain, 1-3 represents mild pain, 4-6 indicates moderate pain, and 7-10 reflects severe pain.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
50 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
Results posted on
2026-08-10
Participant Flow
A total of 100 participants initially were assessed for recruitment in which 50 were selected for the final recruitment
Research Randomizer was used to generate computer numbers and each number was written on sealed envelope which was later picked by each participant.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Movement Control Exercises With the Concept of Kinetic Control and Mobilization With Movement
Each person will follow this program three times a week. The session starts with a shoulder movement test to check how well the shoulder rotates-60 degrees inward and 45 degrees outward-without the shoulder blade or upper arm moving incorrectly.
Next, movement retraining exercises are used to fix any incorrect shoulder movements. This includes helping the shoulder and shoulder blade move properly using hands-on support, along with exercises that may be supported or unsupported. Visual cues (like mirrors), touch, and manual guidance are used to teach correct movement.
Lastly, Mobilization with Movement (MWM) is performed. This involves gently pushing the shoulder joint backward
|
Stretches, Strengthening and Mobilization With Movement
Each person in the control group will do these exercises three times a week. The session starts with shoulder warm-up exercises like arm circles, shoulder rolls, and reaching overhead. These are done in 2 sets of 10 reps.
Next is the modified sleeper stretch. This is repeated 3 times, with a 30-second rest between each stretch.
Then, isometric shoulder exercises are done in standing. The person pushes their arm inward against resistance without actually moving it.
Finally, Mobilization with Movement (MWM) is used.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
25
|
25
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
25
|
25
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Movement Control Exercises With the Concept of Kinetic Control and Mobilization With Movement
n=25 Participants
Each person will follow this program three times a week. The session starts with a shoulder movement test to check how well the shoulder rotates-60 degrees inward and 45 degrees outward-without the shoulder blade or upper arm moving incorrectly.
Next, movement retraining exercises are used to fix any incorrect shoulder movements. This includes helping the shoulder and shoulder blade move properly using hands-on support, along with exercises that may be supported or unsupported. Visual cues (like mirrors), touch, and manual guidance are used to teach correct movement.
Lastly, Mobilization with Movement (MWM) is performed. This involves gently pushing the shoulder joint backward
|
Stretches, Strengthening and Mobilization With Movement
n=25 Participants
Each person in the control group will do these exercises three times a week. The session starts with shoulder warm-up exercises like arm circles, shoulder rolls, and reaching overhead. These are done in 2 sets of 10 reps.
Next is the modified sleeper stretch. This is repeated 3 times, with a 30-second rest between each stretch.
Then, isometric shoulder exercises are done in standing. The person pushes their arm inward against resistance without actually moving it.
Finally, Mobilization with Movement (MWM) is used.
|
Total
n=50 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
8 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
17 Participants
n=50 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
17 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
33 Participants
n=50 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
0 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
0 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=50 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
25 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
50 Participants
n=50 Participants
|
|
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
|
—
|
—
|
0 Participants
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
|
|
Symptoms Duration
|
14.60 Months
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.86 • n=25 Participants
|
13.96 Months
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.76 • n=25 Participants
|
14.32 Months
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.81 • n=50 Participants
|
|
Training Time
|
9.08 Hours per Week
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.02 • n=25 Participants
|
10.2 Hours per Week
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.10 • n=25 Participants
|
9.64 Hours per Week
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.06 • n=50 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeksPopulation: The Outcome Measure Time Frame and/or Measure Description has been revised to clarify that only the final assessment values collected at 6 weeks were analyzed and reported in the data table. Although assessments were performed at baseline and 3 weeks, these interim time points were not pre-specified for separate outcome reporting and therefore are not included in the presented results.
Pain intensity will be evaluated using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain, 1-3 represents mild pain, 4-6 indicates moderate pain, and 7-10 reflects severe pain.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Movement Control Exercises With the Concept of Kinetic Control and Mobilization With Movement
n=25 Participants
Each person will follow this program three times a week. The session starts with a shoulder movement test to check how well the shoulder rotates-60 degrees inward and 45 degrees outward-without the shoulder blade or upper arm moving incorrectly.
Next, movement retraining exercises are used to fix any incorrect shoulder movements. This includes helping the shoulder and shoulder blade move properly using hands-on support, along with exercises that may be supported or unsupported. Visual cues (like mirrors), touch, and manual guidance are used to teach correct movement.
Lastly, Mobilization with Movement (MWM) is performed. This involves gently pushing the shoulder joint backward
|
Stretches, Strengthening and Mobilization With Movement
n=25 Participants
Each person in the control group will do these exercises three times a week. The session starts with shoulder warm-up exercises like arm circles, shoulder rolls, and reaching overhead. These are done in 2 sets of 10 reps.
Next is the modified sleeper stretch. This is repeated 3 times, with a 30-second rest between each stretch.
Then, isometric shoulder exercises are done in standing. The person pushes their arm inward against resistance without actually moving it.
Finally, Mobilization with Movement (MWM) is used.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Pain Intensity
|
0.96 Score on scale
Standard Deviation 0.34
|
1.36 Score on scale
Standard Deviation 0.86
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeksPopulation: The final assessment values collected at 6 weeks were analyzed and reported in the data table. Although assessments were performed at baseline and 3 weeks, these interim time points were not pre-specified for separate outcome reporting and therefore are not included in the presented results. Because the participants had internal rotation deficit, so only internal rotation range of shoulder was measured as an outcome of the treatment.
Shoulder range of motion will be measured in all planes of movement using a universal goniometer. The movements will include: Internal Rotation (0-90°) All measurements will be recorded in degrees to assess improvement in joint mobility across these planes.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Movement Control Exercises With the Concept of Kinetic Control and Mobilization With Movement
n=25 Participants
Each person will follow this program three times a week. The session starts with a shoulder movement test to check how well the shoulder rotates-60 degrees inward and 45 degrees outward-without the shoulder blade or upper arm moving incorrectly.
Next, movement retraining exercises are used to fix any incorrect shoulder movements. This includes helping the shoulder and shoulder blade move properly using hands-on support, along with exercises that may be supported or unsupported. Visual cues (like mirrors), touch, and manual guidance are used to teach correct movement.
Lastly, Mobilization with Movement (MWM) is performed. This involves gently pushing the shoulder joint backward
|
Stretches, Strengthening and Mobilization With Movement
n=25 Participants
Each person in the control group will do these exercises three times a week. The session starts with shoulder warm-up exercises like arm circles, shoulder rolls, and reaching overhead. These are done in 2 sets of 10 reps.
Next is the modified sleeper stretch. This is repeated 3 times, with a 30-second rest between each stretch.
Then, isometric shoulder exercises are done in standing. The person pushes their arm inward against resistance without actually moving it.
Finally, Mobilization with Movement (MWM) is used.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Shoulder Range of Motion
|
73.83 Degrees
Standard Deviation 6.72
|
67.96 Degrees
Standard Deviation 5.72
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeksPopulation: The final assessment values collected at 6 weeks were analyzed and reported in the data table. Although assessments were performed at baseline and 3 weeks, these interim time points were not pre-specified for separate outcome reporting and therefore are not included in the presented results.
Functional disability will be assessed using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), which provides a percentage score ranging from 0 to 100%. A low score (0-29%) represents minimal disability, a moderate score (30-59%) indicates moderate disability, and a high score (60-100%) signifies severe functional limitation.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Movement Control Exercises With the Concept of Kinetic Control and Mobilization With Movement
n=25 Participants
Each person will follow this program three times a week. The session starts with a shoulder movement test to check how well the shoulder rotates-60 degrees inward and 45 degrees outward-without the shoulder blade or upper arm moving incorrectly.
Next, movement retraining exercises are used to fix any incorrect shoulder movements. This includes helping the shoulder and shoulder blade move properly using hands-on support, along with exercises that may be supported or unsupported. Visual cues (like mirrors), touch, and manual guidance are used to teach correct movement.
Lastly, Mobilization with Movement (MWM) is performed. This involves gently pushing the shoulder joint backward
|
Stretches, Strengthening and Mobilization With Movement
n=25 Participants
Each person in the control group will do these exercises three times a week. The session starts with shoulder warm-up exercises like arm circles, shoulder rolls, and reaching overhead. These are done in 2 sets of 10 reps.
Next is the modified sleeper stretch. This is repeated 3 times, with a 30-second rest between each stretch.
Then, isometric shoulder exercises are done in standing. The person pushes their arm inward against resistance without actually moving it.
Finally, Mobilization with Movement (MWM) is used.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Functional Disability
|
27.76 Score on Scale
Standard Deviation 12.36
|
38.58 Score on Scale
Standard Deviation 9.57
|
Adverse Events
Movement Control Exercises With the Concept of Kinetic Control and Mobilization With Movement
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 1 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Stretches, Strengthening and Mobilization With Movement
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 2 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
| Measure |
Movement Control Exercises With the Concept of Kinetic Control and Mobilization With Movement
n=25 participants at risk
Each person will follow this program three times a week. The session starts with a shoulder movement test to check how well the shoulder rotates-60 degrees inward and 45 degrees outward-without the shoulder blade or upper arm moving incorrectly.
Next, movement retraining exercises are used to fix any incorrect shoulder movements. This includes helping the shoulder and shoulder blade move properly using hands-on support, along with exercises that may be supported or unsupported. Visual cues (like mirrors), touch, and manual guidance are used to teach correct movement.
Lastly, Mobilization with Movement (MWM) is performed. This involves gently pushing the shoulder joint backward
|
Stretches, Strengthening and Mobilization With Movement
n=25 participants at risk
Each person in the control group will do these exercises three times a week. The session starts with shoulder warm-up exercises like arm circles, shoulder rolls, and reaching overhead. These are done in 2 sets of 10 reps.
Next is the modified sleeper stretch. This is repeated 3 times, with a 30-second rest between each stretch.
Then, isometric shoulder exercises are done in standing. The person pushes their arm inward against resistance without actually moving it.
Finally, Mobilization with Movement (MWM) is used.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Pain and Muscle Soreness
|
4.0%
1/25 • Number of events 2 • Adverse events were monitored during the 6-week intervention period
Before the start of the research, it was hypothesized that transient mild pain and soreness could be reported during the first two treatment sessions in both groups. Other than that, the interventions in both experimental and control group hypothetically didn't hold any serious adverse events itself.
|
8.0%
2/25 • Number of events 3 • Adverse events were monitored during the 6-week intervention period
Before the start of the research, it was hypothesized that transient mild pain and soreness could be reported during the first two treatment sessions in both groups. Other than that, the interventions in both experimental and control group hypothetically didn't hold any serious adverse events itself.
|
Additional Information
Hammad Haider
Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences
Phone: 03214732061
Email: [email protected]
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place